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将MySQL数据实时同步到Redis缓存可以提高应用程序的性能和响应速度。以下是实现这一目标的几种常见方法:
消息队列是一种异步处理机制,可以用来解耦MySQL和Redis之间的数据同步。
# 生产者脚本
import mysql.connector
import pika
def send_to_queue(data):
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='mysql_to_redis')
channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='mysql_to_redis', body=data)
connection.close()
def fetch_data_from_mysql():
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user='user', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydatabase')
cursor = cnx.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM mytable")
data = cursor.fetchall()
for row in data:
send_to_queue(row)
cursor.close()
cnx.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
fetch_data_from_mysql()
# 消费者脚本
import pika
import redis
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
data = body.decode('utf-8')
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set(data['id'], data)
def consume_from_queue():
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='mysql_to_redis')
channel.basic_consume(queue='mysql_to_redis', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)
print('Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
if __name__ == "__main__":
consume_from_queue()
通过在MySQL中设置触发器和日志表,可以在数据变更时自动记录变更信息,然后将这些信息同步到Redis。
# 创建日志表
import mysql.connector
def create_log_table():
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user='user', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydatabase')
cursor = cnx.cursor()
cursor.execute("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS log_table (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
table_name VARCHAR(255),
action VARCHAR(255),
old_data TEXT,
new_data TEXT,
changed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
""")
cursor.close()
cnx.close()
# 创建触发器
def create_trigger():
import mysql.connector
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user='user', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydatabase')
cursor = cnx.cursor()
cursor.execute("""
CREATE TRIGGER after_insert_mytable
AFTER INSERT ON mytable
FOR EACH ROW
INSERT INTO log_table (table_name, action, old_data, new_data)
VALUES ('mytable', 'INSERT', NULL, JSON_OBJECT('id', NEW.id, 'name', NEW.name));
""")
cursor.execute("""
CREATE TRIGGER after_update_mytable
AFTER UPDATE ON mytable
FOR EACH ROW
INSERT INTO log_table (table_name, action, old_data, new_data)
VALUES ('mytable', 'UPDATE', JSON_OBJECT('id', OLD.id, 'name', OLD.name), JSON_OBJECT('id', NEW.id, 'name', NEW.name));
""")
cursor.execute("""
CREATE TRIGGER after_delete_mytable
AFTER DELETE ON mytable
FOR EACH ROW
INSERT INTO log_table (table_name, action, old_data, new_data)
VALUES ('mytable', 'DELETE', JSON_OBJECT('id', OLD.id, 'name', OLD.name), NULL);
""")
cursor.close()
cnx.close()
# 同步脚本
import mysql.connector
import redis
import json
def sync_from_log():
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user='user', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', database='mydatabase')
cursor = cnx.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM log_table")
data = cursor.fetchall()
for row in data:
key = f"mytable:{row[0]}:{row[1]}:{row[2]}"
value = json.loads(row[3]) if row[3] else row[4]
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set(key, json.dumps(value))
cursor.close()
cnx.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
create_log_table()
create_trigger()
sync_from_log()
有一些第三方工具可以帮助实现MySQL到Redis的实时同步,例如:
以上方法各有优缺点,选择哪种方法取决于具体的应用场景和需求。消息队列方法可以实现高效的异步处理,数据库触发器和日志表方法可以实现精确的数据同步,而第三方工具则提供了简单快捷的解决方案。
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