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在Go语言中,实现高效的缓存系统通常需要考虑以下几个方面:
map
和sync.Map
。下面是一个使用map
和sync.Map
实现高效缓存的示例,并包含异步更新机制:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"sync"
"time"
)
// CacheItem represents an item in the cache with its value and expiration time.
type CacheItem struct {
Value interface{}
Expiration int64 // in milliseconds
}
// Cache represents a simple in-memory cache with async update mechanism.
type Cache struct {
mu sync.RWMutex
items map[string]CacheItem
asyncUpdate chan string
}
// NewCache creates a new cache instance.
func NewCache() *Cache {
return &Cache{
items: make(map[string]CacheItem),
asyncUpdate: make(chan string),
}
}
// Get retrieves an item from the cache.
func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
c.mu.RLock()
defer c.mu.RUnlock()
item, found := c.items[key]
if found && time.Now().UnixNano() < item.Expiration {
return item.Value, true
}
return nil, false
}
// Set adds or updates an item in the cache with an expiration time.
func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}, ttl int) {
expiration := time.Now().Add(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(ttl)).UnixNano()
c.mu.Lock()
defer c.mu.Unlock()
c.items[key] = CacheItem{
Value: value,
Expiration: expiration,
}
c.asyncUpdate <- key
}
// StartAsyncUpdate starts the async update loop.
func (c *Cache) StartAsyncUpdate() {
go func() {
for key := range c.asyncUpdate {
c.mu.Lock()
item, found := c.items[key]
if found && time.Now().UnixNano() < item.Expiration {
fmt.Printf("Updating item: %s\n", key)
// Simulate async update by sleeping for a short duration
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
}
c.mu.Unlock()
}
}()
}
func main() {
cache := NewCache()
cache.StartAsyncUpdate()
cache.Set("key1", "value1", 5000)
cache.Set("key2", "value2", 10000)
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
if value, found := cache.Get("key1"); found {
fmt.Println("key1:", value)
} else {
fmt.Println("key1 not found")
}
if value, found := cache.Get("key2"); found {
fmt.Println("key2:", value)
} else {
fmt.Println("key2 not found")
}
time.Sleep(6 * time.Second)
if value, found := cache.Get("key1"); found {
fmt.Println("key1:", value)
} else {
fmt.Println("key1 not found")
}
}
map
用于存储缓存项和一个通道用于异步更新。通过这种方式,我们可以在多线程环境下实现高效的缓存系统,并通过异步更新机制确保缓存的实时性和性能。
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