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Flask和Django都是Python Web框架,它们都支持文件上传和下载处理。下面分别介绍它们在文件上传和下载方面的实现方法。
Flask是一个轻量级的Web框架,使用Flask处理文件上传和下载相对简单。
上传文件:
首先,安装Flask-Upload库:
pip install Flask-Upload
然后,创建一个简单的Flask应用来处理文件上传:
from flask import Flask, render_template, request
from flask_uploads import UploadSet, configure_uploads, IMAGES, patch_request_class
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOADED_IMAGES_DEST'] = 'static/uploads'
upload_set = UploadSet('images', IMAGES)
configure_uploads(app, upload_set)
patch_request_class(app)
@app.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/upload/', methods=['POST'])
def upload():
file = request.files['file']
if file and file.filename != '':
img = upload_set.save(file)
return f'File {img} uploaded successfully.'
else:
return 'No file selected.'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
创建一个index.html
模板文件,用于上传文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>File Upload</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Upload a File</h1>
<form action="/upload/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file">
<input type="submit" value="Upload">
</form>
</body>
</html>
下载文件:
在Flask中,可以使用send_file
函数来下载文件:
from flask import send_file
@app.route('/download/<filename>')
def download(filename):
return send_file(os.path.join('static/uploads', filename), as_attachment=True)
Django是一个高级的Web框架,它提供了许多内置功能来处理文件上传和下载。
上传文件:
首先,在settings.py
中配置文件上传相关设置:
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
然后,在models.py
中定义一个模型来存储上传的文件:
from django.db import models
class File(models.Model):
file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')
uploaded_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
接下来,创建一个表单来处理文件上传:
from django import forms
from .models import File
class FileUploadForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = File
fields = ['file']
在views.py
中处理文件上传:
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import FileUploadForm
def upload_file(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = FileUploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('success')
else:
form = FileUploadForm()
return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})
创建一个upload.html
模板文件,用于上传文件:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>File Upload</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Upload a File</h1>
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Upload">
</form>
</body>
</html>
下载文件:
在views.py
中处理文件下载:
def download_file(request, filename):
file = File.objects.get(filename=filename)
return FileResponse(open(file.file.path, 'rb'), content_type='application/octet-stream')
最后,在urls.py
中添加URL路由:
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('upload/', views.upload_file, name='upload_file'),
path('download/<str:filename>/', views.download_file, name='download_file'),
]
这样,你就可以使用Django处理文件上传和下载了。
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