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要利用多线程提升Python爬虫性能,你可以遵循以下步骤:
requests
和bs4
(BeautifulSoup)库。如果没有安装,可以使用以下命令进行安装:pip install requests
pip install beautifulsoup4
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def fetch(url):
response = requests.get(url)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
else:
print(f"Error fetching {url}: Status code {response.status_code}")
return None
def parse(html):
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
# 根据实际网页结构提取所需信息
items = soup.find_all("div", class_="item")
for item in items:
title = item.find("h2").text
link = item.find("a")["href"]
print(title, link)
import threading
def run_threads(urls, num_threads):
threads = []
for i in range(num_threads):
url = urls[i % len(urls)]
thread = threading.Thread(target=fetch_and_parse, args=(url,))
threads.append(thread)
thread.start()
for thread in threads:
thread.join()
run_threads
函数。if __name__ == "__main__":
urls = [
"https://example.com/page1",
"https://example.com/page2",
"https://example.com/page3",
# ... 更多URL
]
num_threads = 10
run_threads(urls, num_threads)
注意:多线程并不总是能提高爬虫性能,因为它可能会受到全局解释器锁(GIL)的限制。在某些情况下,使用多进程(例如multiprocessing
库)可能会提供更好的性能。此外,确保遵守目标网站的爬虫政策,避免对服务器造成过大压力。
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