Linux C++开发中如何进行数据传输

在Linux C++开发中，进行数据传输通常涉及以下几种方式：

1. 文件I/O：通过C++的文件操作函数（如 fopen、fread、fwrite、fclose 等）进行数据的读取和写入。这是最基本的文件传输方式，适用于本地文件系统中的数据传输。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::ifstream input_file("input.txt");
    std::ofstream output_file("output.txt");

    if (input_file.is_open() && output_file.is_open()) {
        std::string line;
        while (getline(input_file, line)) {
            output_file << line << std::endl;
        }

        input_file.close();
        output_file.close();
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Error opening files." << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

2. 网络编程：使用套接字（socket）进行网络通信，实现不同计算机之间的数据传输。Linux提供了丰富的套接字编程接口，如 socket、bind、listen、accept、connect、send、recv 等。

客户端示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    int client_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (client_socket == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error creating socket." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    sockaddr_in server_addr;
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);
    inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &server_addr.sin_addr);

    if (connect(client_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error connecting to server." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    std::string message = "Hello, Server!";
    send(client_socket, message.c_str(), message.length(), 0);
    close(client_socket);

    return 0;
}

服务器端示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    int server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (server_socket == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error creating socket." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    sockaddr_in server_addr;
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

    if (bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error binding socket." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    if (listen(server_socket, 5) == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error listening on socket." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    sockaddr_in client_addr;
    socklen_t client_addr_size = sizeof(client_addr);
    int client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_addr_size);
    if (client_socket == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error accepting connection." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    char buffer[1024];
    int received = recv(client_socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, 0);
    if (received == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error receiving data." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    buffer[received] = '\0';
    std::cout << "Received message: " << buffer << std::endl;

    close(client_socket);
    close(server_socket);

    return 0;
}

3. 管道（pipe）：管道是一种进程间通信（IPC）机制，可以在具有亲缘关系的进程之间进行数据传输。Linux提供了有名管道（FIFO）和无名管道（pipe）两种类型的管道。

有名管道示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

int main() {
    int pipefds[2];
    if (pipe(pipefds) == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error creating pipe." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == -1) {
        std::cerr << "Error forking process." << std::endl;
        return 1;
    } else if (pid == 0) { // 子进程
        close(pipefds[1]); // 关闭写端

        char buffer[1024];
        read(pipefds[0], buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
        buffer[received] = '\0';
        std::cout << "Received message from parent: " << buffer << std::endl;

        close(pipefds[0]); // 关闭读端
    } else { // 父进程
        close(pipefds[0]); // 关闭读端

        std::string message = "Hello, Child!";
        write(pipefds[1], message.c_str(), message.length());
        close(pipefds[1]); // 关闭写端
    }

    return 0;
}

这些方法可以根据实际需求进行选择，以实现Linux C++开发中的数据传输。