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在Java中设计私有缓存策略时,需要考虑缓存的存储、访问、更新和失效等方面。以下是一个基本的私有缓存策略设计示例:
首先,定义一个缓存接口,明确缓存的基本操作。
public interface Cache<K, V> {
V get(K key);
void put(K key, V value);
void remove(K key);
void clear();
int size();
}
实现上述接口,可以使用ConcurrentHashMap
来保证线程安全。
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class SimpleCache<K, V> implements Cache<K, V> {
private final ConcurrentHashMap<K, V> cacheMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final long maxCapacity;
private final long ttl; // Time to live in milliseconds
public SimpleCache(long maxCapacity, long ttl) {
this.maxCapacity = maxCapacity;
this.ttl = ttl;
}
@Override
public V get(K key) {
V value = cacheMap.get(key);
if (value != null && !isExpired(key)) {
return value;
} else {
cacheMap.remove(key);
return null;
}
}
@Override
public void put(K key, V value) {
if (cacheMap.size() >= maxCapacity) {
// Optionally, implement a strategy to evict least recently used items
cacheMap.clear();
}
cacheMap.put(key, value);
scheduleExpiration(key, value);
}
@Override
public void remove(K key) {
cacheMap.remove(key);
}
@Override
public void clear() {
cacheMap.clear();
}
@Override
public int size() {
return cacheMap.size();
}
private boolean isExpired(K key) {
// Implement logic to check if the item has expired
// For simplicity, we assume all items have the same TTL
return System.currentTimeMillis() - getCreationTime(key) > ttl;
}
private long getCreationTime(K key) {
// Store creation time along with the value
return ((CacheEntry<K, V>) cacheMap.get(key)).getCreationTime();
}
private void scheduleExpiration(K key, V value) {
// Optionally, use a ScheduledExecutorService to expire items
// ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
// executor.schedule(() -> remove(key), ttl, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
private static class CacheEntry<K, V> {
private final V value;
private final long creationTime;
public CacheEntry(V value, long creationTime) {
this.value = value;
this.creationTime = creationTime;
}
public V getValue() {
return value;
}
public long getCreationTime() {
return creationTime;
}
}
}
在实际应用中使用缓存。
public class CacheExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cache<String, String> cache = new SimpleCache<>(100, 60000); // 100 items, 1 minute TTL
cache.put("key1", "value1");
System.out.println(cache.get("key1")); // Output: value1
try {
Thread.sleep(60001); // Wait for 1 minute and 1 second
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(cache.get("key1")); // Output: null (expired)
}
}
LinkedHashMap
实现最近最少使用(LRU)策略。ScheduledExecutorService
来异步处理缓存项的过期。通过上述步骤,你可以设计一个基本的私有缓存策略,并根据具体需求进行扩展和优化。
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