Java正则表达式如何匹配IPv6地址

在Java中，你可以使用Pattern和Matcher类来匹配IPv6地址。下面是一个示例代码，展示了如何使用正则表达式匹配IPv6地址：

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;

public class IPv6AddressMatcher {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String ipv6Pattern = "^(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\\.){2}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\\.([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])$";
        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(ipv6Pattern);

        String[] ipv6Addresses = {
                "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334",
                "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334",
                "::1",
                "fe80::",
                "fe80::1%lo0",
                "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334:1234",
                "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:733g"
        };

        for (String address : ipv6Addresses) {
            Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(address);
            System.out.println("Address: " + address + " is " + (matcher.matches() ? "valid" : "invalid"));
        }
    }
}

这个示例代码定义了一个IPv6地址的正则表达式，并使用Pattern.compile()方法编译它。然后，我们使用Matcher类的matches()方法来检查给定的IPv6地址是否有效。

注意：这个正则表达式非常复杂，因为它需要处理IPv6地址的各种表示形式，包括压缩零和链路本地地址。在实际应用中，你可以根据需要简化正则表达式。