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在SQL中,LEFT JOIN
(左连接)和RIGHT JOIN
(右连接)是两种常用的连接类型,它们用于将两个表中的数据根据指定的条件进行组合。这两种连接的主要区别在于它们如何处理不匹配的记录。
SELECT ...
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
employees
和 departments
:employees:
+----+-------+------------+
| id | name | department |
+----+-------+------------+
| 1 | Alice | Sales |
| 2 | Bob | Marketing |
| 3 | Carol | NULL |
+----+-------+------------+
departments:
+----+----------+
| id | name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | Sales |
| 2 | Marketing|
| 3 | HR |
+----+----------+
使用左连接查询所有员工及其部门:SELECT employees.name, departments.name
FROM employees
LEFT JOIN departments
ON employees.department = departments.id;
结果:+-------+----------+
| name | name |
+-------+----------+
| Alice | Sales |
| Bob | Marketing|
| Carol | NULL |
+-------+----------+
SELECT ...
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
SELECT departments.name, employees.name
FROM employees
RIGHT JOIN departments
ON employees.department = departments.id;
结果:+----------+-------+
| name | name |
+----------+-------+
| Sales | Alice |
| Marketing| Bob |
| HR | NULL |
+----------+-------+
选择使用哪种连接类型取决于你希望查询的结果集中包含哪些数据。
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