在Python爬虫库中处理异常情况非常重要,以确保爬虫在遇到问题时能够正常运行。以下是一些建议和方法来处理异常:
try:
# 可能引发异常的代码
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
# 处理异常
print(f"请求错误: {e}")
Exception
类,以便更准确地处理不同类型的错误。例如:try:
# 可能引发异常的代码
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
# 处理HTTP错误
print(f"HTTP错误: {e}")
except requests.exceptions.Timeout as e:
# 处理超时错误
print(f"超时错误: {e}")
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
# 处理其他请求异常
print(f"请求错误: {e}")
logging
模块记录异常信息,以便在出现问题时进行调试和分析。例如:import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename="spider.log", level=logging.ERROR)
try:
# 可能引发异常的代码
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
# 处理异常并记录日志
logging.error(f"请求错误: {e}")
import time
max_retries = 3
retry_count = 0
while retry_count < max_retries:
try:
# 可能引发异常的代码
response = requests.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
break # 请求成功,跳出循环
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
# 处理异常并记录日志
logging.error(f"请求错误: {e}")
retry_count += 1
time.sleep(2) # 等待2秒后重试
else:
# 请求失败,执行其他操作
print("请求失败,已达到最大重试次数")
通过这些方法,您可以更有效地处理Python爬虫库中的异常情况,确保爬虫在遇到问题时能够正常运行。