对抗性训练是一种用于增强模型对抗攻击的方法。在Keras中,可以通过以下步骤实现对抗性训练:
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers
from cleverhans.future.tf2.attacks import projected_gradient_descent
# 创建一个带有对抗性训练的模型
model = tf.keras.Sequential([
layers.Input(shape=(28, 28, 1)),
layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
layers.Flatten(),
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])
# 定义PGD攻击
pgd_attack = projected_gradient_descent.ProjectedGradientDescent(model)
# 对抗性训练循环
for images, labels in train_dataset:
with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
# 前向传播
predictions = model(images)
# 计算损失
loss = tf.keras.losses.sparse_categorical_crossentropy(labels, predictions)
# 对抗攻击
adv_images = pgd_attack.generate(images, y=labels)
# 前向传播(对抗性样本)
adv_predictions = model(adv_images)
adv_loss = tf.keras.losses.sparse_categorical_crossentropy(labels, adv_predictions)
# 损失合并
total_loss = loss + adv_loss
# 反向传播
gradients = tape.gradient(total_loss, model.trainable_variables)
optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, model.trainable_variables))
在上面的代码中,我们使用PGD攻击生成对抗样本,并在训练循环中使用这些对抗样本来训练模型。在计算总损失时,我们将原始图像和对抗性图像的损失合并在一起。
# 对抗攻击评估
adv_accuracy = tf.keras.metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy()
for images, labels in test_dataset:
adv_images = pgd_attack.generate(images, y=labels)
adv_predictions = model(adv_images)
adv_accuracy.update_state(labels, adv_predictions)
print("Adversarial accuracy: ", adv_accuracy.result())
通过以上步骤,可以在Keras中实现对抗性训练来提高模型的鲁棒性。