Ubuntu vsftp备份与恢复方法

Ubuntu vsftpd Backup and Recovery Guide

1. Backup vsftpd Configuration Files

Configuration files are critical for restoring vsftpd’s functionality. Key files include the main config (vsftpd.conf), user lists (user_list, ftpusers), and service unit files.

• Basic Config Backup: Use cp to copy individual files to a backup directory (e.g., /etc/vsftpd.conf.bak).

  sudo cp /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak
  sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.user_list /etc/vsftpd/user_list.bak
  sudo cp /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers.bak
  

• Bulk Config Backup: For all config files in /etc/vsftpd/, use tar to create a compressed archive. This ensures all related configs are backed up together.

  sudo tar -czvf vsftpd_config_backup.tar.gz /etc/vsftpd/
  

• Automation: Add a cron job to run backups daily (e.g., at 2 AM). Edit the crontab with crontab -e and add:

  0 2 * * * sudo tar -czvf /path/to/backup/vsftpd_config_$(date +\%F).tar.gz /etc/vsftpd/
  

2. Backup FTP Data

FTP data includes user home directories (e.g., /var/ftp/ for anonymous access or /home/ftpuser/ for individual users) and log files (e.g., /var/log/vsftpd.log).

• Data Directory Backup: Use tar to back up user data directories. Exclude unnecessary files (e.g., temporary files) to save space.

  sudo tar -czvf ftp_data_backup.tar.gz /var/ftp/  # For anonymous FTP
  sudo tar -czvf user_data_backup.tar.gz /home/ftpuser/  # For individual users
  

• Log File Backup: Copy log files to preserve access/activity records.

  sudo cp /var/log/vsftpd.log /path/to/backup/vsftpd_log_backup.log
  

• Incremental Backup: Use rsync to back up only changed files since the last backup. This is efficient for large datasets.

  sudo rsync -av --delete /var/ftp/ /path/to/backup/ftp_incremental/
  sudo rsync -av --delete /home/ftpuser/ /path/to/backup/user_incremental/
  

• Automation: Include data backups in your cron job (e.g., alongside config backups) to ensure consistency.

3. Restore vsftpd Configuration Files

Restoring configs requires replacing existing files with backups and restarting the service.

• Extract Config Archive: If using a bulk backup (e.g., vsftpd_config_backup.tar.gz), extract it to /etc/vsftpd/.

  sudo tar -xzvf vsftpd_config_backup.tar.gz -C /
  

• Restore Individual Files: For single-file backups (e.g., vsftpd.conf.bak), copy them back to their original location.

  sudo cp /path/to/backup/vsftpd.conf.bak /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
  sudo cp /path/to/backup/user_list.bak /etc/vsftpd/user_list
  

• Set Permissions: Ensure config files have correct ownership (root) and permissions (644) to prevent unauthorized access.

  sudo chown -R root:root /etc/vsftpd/
  sudo chmod -R 644 /etc/vsftpd/*
  

• Restart Service: Apply changes by restarting vsftpd.

  sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
  

4. Restore FTP Data

Restoring data involves extracting backups to their original directories and setting proper permissions.

• Extract Data Archive: For bulk data backups (e.g., ftp_data_backup.tar.gz), extract to the target directory (e.g., /var/ftp/).

  sudo tar -xzvf ftp_data_backup.tar.gz -C /
  

• Restore Individual Directories: For single-directory backups (e.g., user_data_backup.tar.gz), extract to the user’s home directory.

  sudo tar -xzvf user_data_backup.tar.gz -C /
  

• Set Permissions: Ensure data directories have correct ownership (e.g., ftpuser for user data) and permissions (755 for directories, 644 for files).

  sudo chown -R ftpuser:ftpuser /var/ftp/  # For anonymous FTP
  sudo chown -R ftpuser:ftpuser /home/ftpuser/  # For individual users
  sudo chmod -R 755 /var/ftp/
  sudo chmod -R 644 /var/ftp/*  # Adjust for files/directories as needed
  

5. Automation Tips

• Unified Backup Script: Combine config and data backups into a single script (e.g., backup_vsftpd.sh) to simplify execution. Example:

  #!/bin/bash
  sudo systemctl stop vsftpd
  sudo tar -czvf /path/to/backup/vsftpd_config_$(date +\%F).tar.gz /etc/vsftpd/
  sudo tar -czvf /path/to/backup/ftp_data_$(date +\%F).tar.gz /var/ftp/
  sudo systemctl start vsftpd
  

• Cron Job: Schedule the script to run daily (or weekly) using crontab -e. Example for daily 2 AM backups:

  0 2 * * * /path/to/backup_vsftpd.sh
  

Key Notes

• Stop Service Before Backup: Always stop vsftpd before backing up data directories to avoid inconsistencies.
• Verify Backups: Periodically check backup files (e.g., extract and inspect contents) to ensure they are valid.
• Secure Backup Location: Store backups on an external drive, network-attached storage (NAS), or cloud storage to protect against local failures.
• Test Recovery: Regularly test restoring backups to a test environment to confirm they work as expected.