Hive支持多种复杂数据类型,包括数组(ARRAY)、结构体(STRUCT)、映射(MAP)和联合类型(UNION TYPE)。这些复杂数据类型可以通过特定的操作符和方法进行数据聚合。
COLLECT_LIST
和COLLECT_SET
函数对数组元素进行聚合。COLLECT_LIST
会保留元素的原始顺序,而COLLECT_SET
则会去除重复元素并打乱顺序。示例:
CREATE TABLE example_array (id INT, values ARRAY<INT>);
INSERT INTO example_array VALUES (1, ARRAY(1, 2, 3, 4));
INSERT INTO example_array VALUES (2, ARRAY(3, 4, 5, 6));
INSERT INTO example_array VALUES (3, ARRAY(6, 7, 8, 9));
SELECT id, COLLECT_LIST(values) as collected_values
FROM example_array
GROUP BY id;
COLLECT_LIST
和COLLECT_SET
函数对结构体的字段进行聚合,但需要注意字段的顺序。示例:
CREATE TABLE example_struct (id INT, details STRUCT<name STRING, age INT>);
INSERT INTO example_struct VALUES (1, STRUCT('Alice', 30));
INSERT INTO example_struct VALUES (2, STRUCT('Bob', 25));
INSERT INTO example_struct VALUES (3, STRUCT('Charlie', 35));
SELECT id, COLLECT_LIST(details) as collected_details
FROM example_struct
GROUP BY id;
COLLECT_MAP
函数对映射的键值对进行聚合。示例:
CREATE TABLE example_map (id INT, info MAP<STRING, INT>);
INSERT INTO example_map VALUES (1, MAP('key1', 10, 'key2', 20));
INSERT INTO example_map VALUES (2, MAP('key1', 30, 'key3', 40));
INSERT INTO example_map VALUES (3, MAP('key2', 50, 'key3', 60));
SELECT id, COLLECT_MAP(info) as collected_map
FROM example_map
GROUP BY id;
COLLECT_LIST
和COLLECT_SET
函数对联合类型的字段进行聚合,但需要注意字段的顺序。示例:
CREATE TABLE example_uniontype (id INT, details UNIONTYPE<STRING, INT, BOOLEAN>);
INSERT INTO example_uniontype VALUES (1, 'Alice');
INSERT INTO example_uniontype VALUES (2, 25);
INSERT INTO example_uniontype VALUES (3, TRUE);
SELECT id, COLLECT_LIST(details) as collected_details
FROM example_uniontype
GROUP BY id;
通过使用这些聚合函数和方法,可以在Hive中对复杂数据类型进行有效的数据聚合。