springcloud kafka如何实现消息广播 - 问答

在Spring Cloud Kafka中，实现消息广播（也称为发布-订阅模式）主要依赖于Kafka的KafkaTemplate和Consumer。以下是实现消息广播的步骤：

配置Kafka：首先，确保你的Spring Boot应用程序已经正确配置了Kafka。你可以在application.yml或application.properties文件中添加Kafka配置。

spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: localhost:9092
    consumer:
      group-id: my-group
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer

创建Kafka生产者：使用KafkaTemplate来发送消息。你可以创建一个配置类来初始化KafkaTemplate。

import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaProducerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ProducerFactory;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class KafkaProducerConfig {

    @Value("${spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers}")
    private String bootstrapServers;

    @Bean
    public ProducerFactory<String, String> producerFactory() {
        Map<String, Object> configProps = new HashMap<>();
        configProps.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, bootstrapServers);
        configProps.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        configProps.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
        return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(configProps);
    }

    @Bean
    public KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate() {
        return new KafkaTemplate<>(producerFactory());
    }
}

发送广播消息：使用KafkaTemplate发送消息时，不需要指定分区键，因为Kafka会自动将消息广播到所有分区的主题。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class KafkaMessageSender {

    @Autowired
    private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;

    public void sendBroadcastMessage(String topic, String message) {
        kafkaTemplate.send(topic, message);
    }
}

创建Kafka消费者：创建一个消费者来消费广播消息。由于是广播模式，所有消费者都会收到相同的消息。

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.ConcurrentMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.kafka.listener.config.MethodKafkaListenerEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.ErrorHandlingDeserializer;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.serializer.JsonDeserializer;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class KafkaConsumerConfig {

    @Value("${spring.kafka.bootstrap-servers}")
    private String bootstrapServers;

    @Bean
    public ConsumerFactory<String, String> consumerFactory() {
        Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, bootstrapServers);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "my-group");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, ErrorHandlingDeserializer.class);
        ErrorHandlingDeserializer<String> errorHandlingDeserializer = new ErrorHandlingDeserializer<>(new JsonDeserializer<>());
        errorHandlingDeserializer.setFallbackToNull(true);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, errorHandlingDeserializer);
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(props);
    }

    @Bean
    public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
        ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
        factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    public KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar kafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar() {
        return new KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar();
    }

    @Bean
    public MethodKafkaListenerEndpointRegistry methodKafkaListenerEndpointRegistry(KafkaListenerEndpointRegistrar registrar) {
        MethodKafkaListenerEndpointRegistry registry = new MethodKafkaListenerEndpointRegistry();
        registry.setEndpoints(kafkaListenerEndpoints());
        registrar.registerEndpoints(registry);
        return registry;
    }

    private Map<String, MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint<?>> kafkaListenerEndpoints() {
        Map<String, MethodKafkaListenerEndpoint<?>> endpoints = new HashMap<>();
        // 添加你的消费者方法
        return endpoints;
    }
}

创建消费者监听器：创建一个消费者监听器来处理接收到的消息。

import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class KafkaMessageListener {

    @KafkaListener(topics = "${spring.kafka.consumer.topic}", groupId = "${spring.kafka.consumer.group-id}")
    public void listen(String message) {
        System.out.println("Received message: " + message);
    }
}

通过以上步骤，你就可以在Spring Cloud Kafka中实现消息广播了。生产者发送的消息会被广播到指定的主题，所有订阅该主题的消费者都会收到消息。

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