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# ansible的安装方式有多种，比如编译安装、git方式和pip安装等，这里使用yum方式安装，此种方式需要现有epel源
[root@ansible ~]#yum install epel-release -y
[root@ansible ~]#yum install ansible -y[root@ansible ~]#ansible --version
ansible 2.9.1
config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
python version = 2.7.5 (default, Aug 7 2019, 00:51:29) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)][defaults]
#inventory = /etc/ansible/hosts # 主机列表配置文件
#library = /usr/share/my_modules/ # 库文件存放目录
#remote_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp #临时py命令文件存放在远程主机目录
#local_tmp = $HOME/.ansible/tmp # 本机的临时命令执行目录
#forks = 5 # 默认并发数
#sudo_user = root # 默认sudo 用户
#ask_sudo_pass = True #每次执行ansible命令是否询问ssh密码
#ask_pass = True
#remote_port = 22
#host_key_checking = False # 检查对应服务器的host_key，建议取消注释
#log_path=/var/log/ansible.log #日志文件，建议启用
#module_name = command #默认模块，可以修改为shell模块ntp.aliyun.com
[webservers]
www1.abc.com:2222
www2.abc.com
[dbservers]
db1.abc.com
db2.abc.com
[websrvs]
www[1:100].example.com
[dbsrvs]
db-[a:f].example.com
[appsrvs]
10.0.0.[1:100]ansible-doc [options] [module...]
-l, --list #列出可用模块
-s, --snippet #显示指定模块的playbook片段#列出所有模块
ansible-doc -l
#查看指定模块帮助用法
ansible-doc ping
#查看指定模块帮助用法
ansible-doc -s pingansible <host-pattern> [-m module_name] [-a args]--version #显示版本
-m module #指定模块，默认为command
-v #详细过程 –vv -vvv更详细
--list-hosts #显示主机列表，可简写 --list
-k, --ask-pass #提示输入ssh连接密码，默认Key验证
-C, --check #检查，并不执行
-T, --timeout=TIMEOUT #执行命令的超时时间，默认10s
-u, --user=REMOTE_USER #执行远程执行的用户
-b, --become #代替旧版的sudo 切换
--become-user=USERNAME #指定sudo的runas用户，默认为root
-K, --ask-become-pass #提示输入sudo时的口令用于匹配被控制的主机的列表
All ：表示所有Inventory中的所有主机# all
ansible all -m ping
# *：通配符
ansible "*" -m ping
ansible 192.168.1.* -m ping
# 或关系
ansible "websrvs:appsrvs" -m ping
ansible "192.168.1.1:192.168.1.2" -m ping
# 逻辑与
#在websrvs组并且在dbsrvs组中的主机
ansible "websrvs:&dbsrvs" –m ping
#逻辑非
#在websrvs组，但不在dbsrvs组中的主机
#注意：此处为单引号
ansible 'websrvs:!dbsrvs' –m ping
#综合逻辑
ansible 'websrvs:dbsrvs:&appsrvs:!ftpsrvs' –m ping
#正则表达式
ansible "websrvs:&dbsrvs" –m ping
ansible "~(web|db).*\.abc\.com" –m ping1.加载自己的配置文件 默认/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
2.加载自己对应的模块文件，如：command
3.通过ansible将模块或命令生成对应的临时py文件，并将该文件传输至远程服务器的对应执行用户$HOME/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-数字/XXX.PY文件
4.给文件+x执行
5.执行并返回结果
6. 删除临时py文件，退出[root@ansible ~]#grep -A 14 '\[colors\]' /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
[colors]
#highlight = white
#verbose = blue
#warn = bright purple
#error = red
#debug = dark gray
#deprecate = purple
#skip = cyan
#unreachable = red
#ok = green
#changed = yellow
#diff_add = green
#diff_remove = red
#diff_lines = cyan
绿色：执行成功并且不需要做改变的操作
黄色：执行成功并且对目标主机做变更
红色：执行失败#以zhangsan用户执行ping存活检测
ansible all -m ping -u zhangsan -k
#以zhangsan sudo至root执行ping存活检测
ansible all -m ping -u zhangsan -k -b
#以zhangsan sudo至lisi用户执行ping存活检测
ansible all -m ping -u zhangsan -k -b --become-user=lisi
#以zhangsan sudo至root用户执行ls
ansible all -m command -u zhangsan -a 'ls /root' -b --become-user=root -k -K#列出所有已安装的galaxy
ansible-galaxy list
#安装galaxy
ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.redis
#删除galaxy
ansible-galaxy remove geerlingguy.redisansible-playbook hello.yml
cat hello.yml
---
# hello world yml file
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: hello world
command: /usr/bin/wall hello worldansible-vault [create|decrypt|edit|encrypt|rekey|view]ansible-vault encrypt hello.yml #加密
ansible-vault decrypt hello.yml #解密
ansible-vault view hello.yml #查看
ansible-vault edit hello.yml #编辑加密文件
ansible-vault rekey hello.yml #修改口令
ansible-vault create new.yml #创建新文件可交互执行命令，支持tab补全，ansible 2.0+新增执行用户@当前操作的主机组 (当前组的主机数量)[f:并发数]$设置并发数： forks n 例如： forks 10
切换组： cd 主机组 例如： cd web
列出当前组主机列表： list
列出所有的内置命令： ?或help[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-console
Welcome to the ansible console.
Type help or ? to list commands.
root@all (3)[f:5]$ list
192.168.7.71
192.168.7.72
192.168.7.73
root@all (3)[f:5]$ cd websrvs
root@websrvs (3)[f:5]$ list
192.168.7.71
192.168.7.72
192.168.7.73
root@websrvs (3)[f:5]$ yum name=httpd state=present[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m command -a 'echo 123.com | passwd --stdin zhangsan'
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -a 'wall echo hello'[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m shell -a 'echo 123.com | passwd --stdin zhangsan'[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m script -a '/data/test.sh'#如目标存在，默认覆盖，此处指定先备份
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m copy -a "src=/data/test.sh dest=/tmp/test2.sh owner=zhangsan mode=600 backup=yes"
#指定内容，直接生成目标文件
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m copy -a "content='test content\n' dest=/tmp/test.txt"
#复制/etc/下的文件，不包括/etc/目录自身
ansible srv -m copy -a "src=/etc/ dest=/backup"
# 注：如果目标目录不存在会自动创建[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m fetch -a 'src=/tmp/test.txt dest=/data'# 创建空文件
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/data/test.sh state=touch owner=hechunping mode=755'
# 创建目录
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m file -a 'path=/data/dir1 state=directory owner=hechunping group=hechunping'
# 创建软连接
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m file -a 'src=/data/test.sh dest=/data/test.sh-link state=link'实现有两种用法：
1.将ansible主机上的压缩包传到远程主机后解压缩至特定目录，设置copy=yes
2.将远程主机上的某个压缩包解压缩到指定路径下，设置copy=no# 将ansible服务器上的压缩文件解压缩到被控机上
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m unarchive -a 'src=/data/test.sh.tar.gz dest=/usr/local'
# 解压被控机上的压缩文件到它本地
[root@ansible ~]#ansible 192.168.7.72 -m unarchive -a 'src=/data/test.sh.tar.gz dest=/usr/local copy=no mode=0777'
# 解压网络压缩文件到被控机
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m unarchive -a 'src=https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz dest=/usr/local copy=no'[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m archive -a 'path=/var/log/ dest=/data/log.tar.bz2 format=bz2 owner=hechunping mode=0600'[root@ansible ~]#ansible 192.168.7.71 -m hostname -a 'name=web'支持时间：minute，hour，day，month，weekday# 创建任务，周一至周五每天2:30执行mysql_backup.sh脚本
ansible dbsrvs -m cron -a 'hour=2 minute=30 weekday=1-5 name="backup
mysql" job=/root/mysql_backup.sh'
# 禁用计划任务
ansible dbsrvs -m cron -a 'hour=2 minute=30 weekday=1-5 name="backup
mysql" job=/root/mysql_backup.sh disabled=yes'
# 启用计划任务
ansible dbsrvs -m cron -a 'hour=2 minute=30 weekday=1-5 name="backup
mysql" job=/root/mysql_backup.sh disabled=no'
# 删除任务
ansible dbsrvs -m cron -a "name='backup mysql' state=absent"# 安装
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m yum -a 'name=redis state=present'
# 删除
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m yum -a 'name=redis state=absent'# 启动，并设置开机启动
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m service -a 'name=redis state=started enabled=yes'
# 停止
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m service -a 'name=redis state=stopped'
# 重启
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m service -a 'name=redis state=restarted'# 创建
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m user -a 'name=user1 comment="test user" uid=2048 home=/app/user1 group=root'
# 删除用户及其及目录等数据
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m user -a 'name=user1 state=absent remove=yes'# 创建
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m group -a 'name=nginx gid=88 system=yes'
# 删除
[root@ansible ~]#ansible websrvs -m group -a 'name=nginx state=absent'ansible websrvs -m setup
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_nodename"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_hostname"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_domain"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memtotal_mb"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memory_mb"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_memfree_mb"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_os_family"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution_major_version"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_distribution_version"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_processor_vcpus"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses"
ansible websrvs -m setup -a "filter=ansible_architecture"1.playbook 剧本是由一个或多个“play”组成的列表
2.play的主要功能在于将预定义的一组主机，装扮成事先通过ansible中的task定义好的角色。Task实际是调用ansible的一个module，将多个play组织在一个playbook中，即可以让它们联合起来，按事先编排的机制执行预定义的动作
3.Playbook文件是采用YAML语言编写的one.example.com
one.example.com:two.example.com
192.168.1.50
192.168.1.*
Websrvs:dbsrvs #或者，两个组的并集
Websrvs:&dbsrvs #与，两个组的交集
websrvs:!dbsrvs #在websrvs组，但不在dbsrvs组- hosts: websrvs:dbsrvs- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: test connection
ping:
remote_user: zhangsan
sudo: yes #默认sudo为root
sudo_user: lisi #sudo为lisi1.play的主体部分是task list，task list中有一个或多个task,各个task按次序逐个在hosts中指定的所有主机上执行，即在所有主机上完成第一个task后，再开始第二个task
2.task的目的是使用指定的参数执行模块，而在模块参数中可以使用变量。模块执行是幂等的，这意味着多次执行是安全的，因为其结果均一致
3.每个task都应该有其name，用于playbook的执行结果输出，建议其内容能清晰地描述任务执行步骤。如果未提供name，则action的结果将用于输出1)action:module arguments
2)module:arguments (推荐使用)---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes某任务的状态在运行后为changed时，可通过"notify"通知给相应的handlers
任务可以通过"tags"打标签，可在ansible-playbook命令上使用-t指定进行调用### 安装Apache ###
#SHELL脚本实现
#!/bin/bash
yum install --quiet -y httpd
# 复制配置文件
cp /tmp/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cp/tmp/vhosts.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/
# 启动Apache，并设置开机启动
systemctl enable --now httpd
#Playbook实现
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "安装Apache"
yum: name=httpd
- name: "复制配置文件"
copy: src=/tmp/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/
- name: "复制配置文件"
copy: src=/tmp/vhosts.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/
- name: "启动Apache，并设置开机启动"
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yesansible-playbook <filename.yml> ... [options]--check -C #只检测可能会发生的改变，但不真正执行操作
--list-hosts #列出运行任务的主机
--list-tags #列出tag
--list-tasks #列出task
--limit 主机列表 #只针对主机列表中的主机执行
-v -vv -vvv #显示过程ansible-playbook file.yml --check #只检测
ansible-playbook file.yml
ansible-playbook file.yml --limit websrvs#install_httpd.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "安装httpd"
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: "复制httpd.conf配置文件"
copy: src=files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf
- name: "启动httpd，并设置开机启动"
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes#remove_httpd.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: remove httpd package
yum: name=httpd state=absent
- name: remove apache user
user: name=apache state=absent
- name: remove data file
file: name=/etc/httpd state=absent---
# 创建MySQL组和用户
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- {name: 创建组, group: name=mysql system=yes gid=306}
- name: 创建用户
user: name=mysql shell=/sbin/nologin system=yes group=mysql uid=306 create_home=no[root@ansible ~]#ll /data/ansible/files/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 403177622 Dec 4 13:05 /data/ansible/files/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@ansible ~]#cat /data/ansible/files/my.cnf
[mysqld]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0
datadir=/data/mysql
innodb_file_per_table=1
log-bin
[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
[root@ansible ~]#cat /data/ansible/install_mysql.yml
---
# install mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "安装依赖包"
yum: name=libaio,perl-Data-Dumper,perl-Getopt-Long
- name: "创建mysql组"
group: name=mysql gid=306
- name: "创建mysql用户"
user: name=mysql uid=306 group=mysql shell=/sbin/nologin system=yes create_home=no home=/data/mysql
- name: "将本地二进制安装包解压缩到目标主机的/usr/local目录下，并修改属主、属组为root"
unarchive: src=/data/ansible/files/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz dest=/usr/local owner=root group=root
- name: "为解压缩的二进制包目录创建软连接"
file: src=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 dest=/usr/local/mysql state=link
- name: "初始化数据库"
shell: chdir=/usr/local/mysql ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
tags: data
- name: "复制本地my.cnf配置文件到被控主机"
copy: src=/data/ansible/files/my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf
- name: "复制本地的mysql服务脚本到被控主机的/etc/init.d目录下"
shell: /bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
- name: "启动mysql服务，并且设置开机启动"
shell: /etc/init.d/mysqld start;chkconfig --add mysqld;chkconfig mysqld on
tags: service
- name: "将mysql的二进制可执行程序添加到PATH变量"
copy: content='PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' dest=/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
- name: "执行安全加固脚本"
script: /data/ansible/files/secure_mysql.sh
tags: scriptHandlers本质是task list ，其中的task与前述的task并没有本质上的不同,用于当关注的资源发生变化时，才会采取一定的操作.Notify对应的action可用于在每个play的最后被触发，这样可避免多次有改变发生时每次都执行指定的操作，仅在所有的变化发生完成后一次性地执行指定操作。在notify中列出的操作称为handler，也即notify中调用handler中定义的操作---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "安装httpd"
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: "复制httpd.conf配置文件,并且重启httpd"
copy: src=files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: "启动httpd，并设置开机启动"
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted[root@ansible ansible]#cat install_httpd.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "安装httpd"
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: "复制httpd.conf配置文件,并且重启httpd"
copy: src=files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf
tags: conf
- name: "启动httpd，并设置开机启动"
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
tags: service
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook -t conf,service install_httpd.ymlkey=valuehttp_port=80通过{{ variable_name }} 调用变量，且变量名前后建议加空格，有时用"{{ variable_name }}"才生效ansible-playbook -e varname=valuevars:
- var1: value1
- var2: value2- hosts: all
vars_files:
- vars.yml主机（普通）变量：主机组中主机单独定义，优先级高于公共变量
组（公共）变量：针对主机组中所有主机定义同一变量[root@ansible ansible]#cat var.yml
---
# var.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "创建日志文件"
file: name=/var/log/{{ ansible_fqdn }} state=touch
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook var.yml [root@ansible ansible]#cat var.yml
---
# var.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "安装包变量"
yum: name={{ pkname }} state=absent
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook -e pkname=httpd var.yml[root@ansible ansible]#cat var.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
- username: user1
- groupname: group1
tasks:
- name: create group
group: name={{ groupname }} state=present
- name: create user
user: name={{ username }} state=present
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook var.yml可以在一个独立的playbook文件中定义变量，在另一个playbook文件中引用变量文件中的变量，比playbook中定义的变量优化级高[root@ansible ansible]#cat vars.yml
---
# variables file
var1: vsftpd
var2: nginx
[root@ansible ansible]#cat var2.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars_files: vars.yml
tasks:
- name: "vsftpd日志文件"
file: name=/data/{{ var1 }}.log state=touch
- name: "nginx日志文件"
file: name=/data/{{ var2 }}.log state=touch在inventory主机清单文件中为指定的主机定义变量以便于在playbook中使用[websrvs]
www1.abc.com http_port=80
www2.abc.com http_port=8080在inventory主机清单文件中赋予给指定组内所有主机在playbook中可用的变量[websrvs]
www1.abc.com
www2.abc.com
[websrvs:vars]
ntp_server=ntp.aliyun.com[root@ansible ansible]#vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[websrvs]
192.168.7.71 hname=ansible
192.168.7.72 hname=web1
192.168.7.73 hname=web2
[websrvs:vars]
http_port=808
mark="-"
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible websrvs –m hostname –a 'name={{ hname }}{{ mark }}{{ http_port }}'
# 命令行指定变量
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible websrvs -e http_port=8000 –m hostname –a 'name={{ hname }}{{ mark }}{{ http_port }}'jinja2语言使用字面量，有下面形式：
字符串：使用单引号或双引号
数字：整数，浮点数
列表：[item1,item2,...]
元组：(item1,item2,...)
字典：{key1:value1,key2:value2,...}
布尔型：true/false
算术运算：+, -, *, /, //, %, **
比较操作：==, !=, >, >=, <, <=
逻辑运算：and，or，not
流表达式：For，If，When
jinja2相关说明：
字面量：
表达式最简单的形式就是字面量。字面量表示诸如字符串和数值的 Python 对象。如“Hello World”
双引号或单引号中间的一切都是字符串。无论何时你需要在模板中使用一个字符串（比如函数调用、过滤器或只是包含或继承一个模板的参数），如42，42.23
数值可以为整数和浮点数。如果有小数点，则为浮点数，否则为整数。在 Python 里， 42 和 42.0 是不一样的
算术运算：
Jinja 允许用计算值。支持下面的运算符
+：把两个对象加到一起。通常对象是素质，但是如果两者是字符串或列表，你可以用这 种方式来衔接它们。无论如何这不是首选的连接字符串的方式！连接字符串见 ~ 运算符。 {{ 1 + 1 }} 等于 2
-：用第一个数减去第二个数。 {{ 3 - 2 }} 等于 1
/：对两个数做除法。返回值会是一个浮点数。 {{ 1 / 2 }} 等于 {{ 0.5 }}
//：对两个数做除法，返回整数商。 {{ 20 // 7 }} 等于 2
%：计算整数除法的余数。 {{ 11 % 7 }} 等于 4
*：用右边的数乘左边的操作数。 {{ 2 * 2 }} 会返回 4 。也可以用于重 复一个字符串多次。 {{ ‘=’ * 80 }}
会打印 80 个等号的横条\
**：取左操作数的右操作数次幂。 {{ 2**3 }} 会返回 8
比较操作符
== 比较两个对象是否相等
!= 比较两个对象是否不等
> 如果左边大于右边，返回 true
>= 如果左边大于等于右边，返回 true
< 如果左边小于右边，返回 true
<= 如果左边小于等于右边，返回 true
逻辑运算符
对于 if 语句，在 for 过滤或 if 表达式中，它可以用于联合多个表达式
and 如果左操作数和右操作数同为真，返回 true
or 如果左操作数和右操作数有一个为真，返回 true
not 对一个表达式取反
(expr)表达式组
true / false true 永远是 true ，而 false 始终是 falsetemplate功能：可以根据和参考模块文件，动态生成相类似的配置文件
template文件必须存放于templates目录下，且命名为 .j2 结尾
yaml/yml 文件需和templates目录平级，目录结构如下：
./
├── temnginx.yml
└── templates
└── nginx.conf.j2# 准备templates/nginx.conf.j2文件
[root@ansible ansible]#cat temnginx.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "利用template模板文件配置被控主机"
template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook temnginx.yml#修改templates/nginx.conf.j2文件
[root@ansible ansible]#vim templates/nginx.conf.j2
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};
[root@ansible ansible]#cat temnginx.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "利用template模板文件配置被控主机"
template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook temnginx.yml[root@ansible ansible]#vim templates/nginx.conf.j2
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus * 2}};
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus + 2}};[root@ansible ansible]#cat temnginx1.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
nginx_vhosts:
- listen: 8081
server_name: www.hechunping.tech
tasks:
- name: "template模板文件配置被控主机"
template: src=nginx.conf1.j2 dest=/data/nginx.conf
[root@ansible ansible]#cat templates/nginx.conf1.j2
{% for vhost in nginx_vhosts %}
server {
listen {{ vhost.listen }};
server_name {{ vhost.server_name }};
}
{% endfor %}
# 生成结果
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook temnginx1.yml
[root@ansible ansible]#cat /data/nginx.conf
server {
listen 8081;
server_name www.hechunping.tech;
}[root@ansible ansible]#cat temnginx3.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
nginx_vhosts:
- listen: 8081
server_name: "web1.hechunping.tech"
root: "/var/www/nginx/web1"
- listen: 8082
server_name: "web2.hechunping.tech"
root: "/var/www/nginx/web2"
- listen: 8083
server_name: "web3.hechunping.tech"
root: "/var/www/nginx/web3"
tasks:
- name: "template模板文件配置被控主机"
template: src=nginx.conf3.j2 dest=/data/nginx2.conf
[root@ansible ansible]#cat templates/nginx.conf3.j2
{% for vhost in nginx_vhosts %}
server {
listen {{ vhost.listen }};
server_name {{ vhost.server_name }};
root {{ vhost.root }};
}
{% endfor %}
# 生成结果
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook temnginx3.yml
[root@ansible ansible]#cat /data/nginx2.conf
server {
listen 8081;
server_name web1.hechunping.tech;
root /var/www/nginx/web1;
}
server {
listen 8082;
server_name web2.hechunping.tech;
root /var/www/nginx/web2;
}
server {
listen 8083;
server_name web3.hechunping.tech;
root /var/www/nginx/web3;
}[root@ansible ansible]#cat temnginx4.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
nginx_vhosts:
- web1:
listen: 8080
root: "/var/www/nginx/web1"
- web2:
listen: 8080
server_name: "web2.hechunping.tech"
root: "/var/www/nginx/web2"
tasks:
- name: "template模板文件配置被控主机"
template: src=nginx.conf2.j2 dest=/data/nginx3.conf
[root@ansible ansible]#cat templates/nginx.conf2.j2
{% for vhost in nginx_vhosts %}
server{
listen {{ vhost.listen }};
{% if vhost.server_name is defined %}
server_name {{ vhost.server_name }};
{% endif %}
root {{ vhost.root }}
}
{% endfor %}
#生成结果
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook temnginx4.yml
[root@ansible ansible]#cat /data/nginx3.conf
server{
listen 8080;
root /var/www/nginx/web1
}
server{
listen 8080;
server_name web2.hechunping.tech;
root /var/www/nginx/web2
}[root@ansible ansible]#cat when.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "打印hello redhat"
command: /usr/bin/wall hello redhat
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"迭代：当有需要重复性执行的任务时，可以使用迭代机制
对迭代项的引用，固定变量名为"item"
要在task中使用with_items给定要迭代的元素列表---
- hosts: 192.168.7.71
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "备份文件"
copy: src=/data/{{ item }} dest=/backup/{{ item }}
with_items:
- nginx.conf
- nginx2.conf
#上面语句的功能等同于下面的语句
- name: "备份/data/nginx.conf文件到/backup目录"
copy: src=/data/nginx.conf dest=/backup
- name: "备份/data/nginx2.conf文件到/backup目录"
copy: src=/data/nginx2.conf dest=/backup---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: "创建组"
group: name={{ item }} state=present
with_items:
- a1
- a2
- a3
- name: "创建用户"
user: name={{ item.name }} group={{ item.group }} state=present
with_items:
- { name: 'a1',group: 'a1' }
- { name: 'a2',group: 'a2' }
- { name: 'a3',group: 'a3' }角色是ansible自1.2版本引入的新特性，用于层次性、结构化地组织playbook。roles能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件、tasks以及handlers等。要使用roles只需要在playbook中使用include指令即可。简单来讲，roles就是通过分别将变量、文件、任务、模板及处理器放置于单独的目录中，并可以便捷地include它们的一种机制。角色一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中，但也可以是用于构建守护进程等场景中roles
├── httpd
├── mysql
├── nginx
└── redis
playbook.yml
roles/
project/
tasks/
handlers/
files/
templates/
vars/
defaults/
meta//roles/project/ ：项目名称,有以下子目录
files/ ：存放由copy或script模块等调用的文件
templates/：template模块查找所需要模板文件的目录
tasks/：定义task,role的基本元素，至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含
handlers/：至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含
vars/：定义变量，至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件；其它的文件需要在此文件中通过include进行包含
meta/：定义当前角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系,至少应该包含一个名为main.yml的文件，其它文件需在此文件中通过include进行包含
default/：设定默认变量时使用此目录中的main.yml文件(1) 创建以roles命名的目录
(2) 在roles目录中分别创建以各角色名称命名的目录，如webservers等
(3) 在每个角色命名的目录中分别创建files、handlers、meta、tasks、templates和vars目录；用不到的目录可以创建为空目录，也可以不创建
(4) 在playbook文件中，调用各角色role_httpd.yml
roles/
├── httpd
│ ├── files
│ │ ├── httpd.conf
│ │ └── index.html
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ └── tasks
│ ├── config.yml
│ ├── index.yml
│ ├── install.yml
│ ├── main.yml
│ └── service.yml---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- mysql
- memcached
- nginx---
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
roles:
- mysql
- { role: nginx, username: nginx }---
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
roles:
- { role: nginx, username: nginx, when: ansible_distribution_major_version == '7' }#nginx-role.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- { role: nginx ,tags: [ 'nginx','web' ], when: ansible_distribution_major_version == "6" }
- { role: httpd ,tags: [ 'httpd','web' ] }
- { role: mysql ,tags: [ 'mysql','db' ] }
- { role: mariadb ,tags: [ 'mariadb','db' ] }
[root@ansible ansible]#ansible-playbook --tags="nginx,httpd,mysql" nginx-role.yml[root@ansible ansible]#pwd
/data/ansible
[root@ansible ansible]#ls roles/httpd/
files handlers tasks
# 创建角色
[root@ansible ansible]#cd roles/httpd/
[root@ansible httpd]#cat tasks/main.yml
- include: install.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: index.yml
- include: service.yml
[root@ansible httpd]#cat tasks/install.yml
- name : install httpd package
yum:
name: httpd
[root@ansible httpd]#cat tasks/config.yml
- name: config file
copy:
src: httpd.conf
dest: /etc/httpd/conf
backup: yes
[root@ansible httpd]#cat tasks/index.yml
- name: index.html
copy:
src: index.html
dest: /var/www/html
[root@ansible httpd]#cat tasks/service.yml
- name: start service
service:
name: httpd
state: started
enabled: yes
[root@ansible httpd]#cat handlers/main.yml
- name: restart
service:
name: httpd
state: restarted
# 在files目录下准备两个文件
[root@ansible httpd]#ls files/
httpd.conf index.html
[root@ansible httpd]#tree ./
./
├── files
│ ├── httpd.conf
│ └── index.html
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
└── tasks
├── config.yml
├── index.yml
├── install.yml
├── main.yml
└── service.yml
3 directories, 8 files
# 在playbook中调用角色
[root@ansible httpd]#cat ../../role_httpd.yml
---
# httpd role
- hosts: appsrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- role: httpd
# 运行playbook
[root@ansible httpd]#ansible-playbook ../../role_httpd.yml [root@ansible ~]#ls /data/ansible/roles/nginx/
files handlers tasks templates vars
# 创建task文件
[root@ansible ~]#cd /data/ansible/roles/nginx/
[root@ansible nginx]#cat tasks/main.yml
- include: install.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: file.yml
- include: service.yml
[root@ansible nginx]#cat tasks/install.yml
- name: install
yum: name=nginx
[root@ansible nginx]#cat tasks/config.yml
- name: config file for centos7
template:
src: nginx7.conf.j2
dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
when: ansible_distribution_major_version=="7"
notify: restart
- name: config file for centos8
template:
src: nginx8.conf.j2
dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
when: ansible_distribution_major_version=="8"
notify: restart
[root@ansible nginx]#cat tasks/file.yml
- name: index.html
copy:
src: index.html
dest: /usr/share/nginx/html
[root@ansible nginx]#cat tasks/service.yml
- name: start service
service:
name: nginx
state: started
enabled: yes
# 创建handlers文件
[root@ansible nginx]#cat handlers/main.yml
- name: restart
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
# 创建两个template文件
[root@ansible nginx]#cat templates/nginx7.conf.j2
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user {{user}}; #修改此行
worker_processes {{ansible_processor_vcpus**2}}; #修改此行
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# location / {
# }
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
[root@ansible nginx]#cat templates/nginx8.conf.j2
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ansible_processor_vcpus+2}}; #修改此行
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# location / {
# }
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
# 创建变量文件
[root@ansible nginx]#cat vars/main.yml
user: daemon
# 在files目录下创建index.html文件
[root@ansible nginx]#cat files/index.html
<h2>hello nginx </h2>
# 目录结构如下
[root@ansible nginx]#tree ./
./
├── files
│ └── index.html
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── tasks
│ ├── config.yml
│ ├── file.yml
│ ├── install.yml
│ ├── main.yml
│ └── service.yml
├── templates
│ ├── nginx7.conf.j2
│ └── nginx8.conf.j2
└── vars
└── main.yml
5 directories, 10 files
# 在playbook中调用角色
[root@ansible nginx]#cat ../../role_nginx.yml
---
# nginx role
- hosts: appsrvs
roles:
- role: nginx
# 运行playbook
[root@ansible nginx]#ansible-playbook /data/ansible/role_nginx.yml[root@ansible nginx]#cat /data/ansible/role_httpd_nginx.yml
---
- hosts: appsrvs
roles:
- { role: httpd,tags: [httpd,web], when: ansible_distribution_major_version=="7" }
- { role: nginx,tags: [nginx,web], when:
ansible_distribution_major_version=="8" }
[root@ansible nginx]#ansible-playbook -t nginx /data/ansible/role_httpd_nginx.yml免责声明：本站发布的内容（图片、视频和文字）以原创、转载和分享为主，文章观点不代表本网站立场，如果涉及侵权请联系站长邮箱：is@yisu.com进行举报，并提供相关证据，一经查实，将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。