python实现Flappy Bird源码

# -*- coding: utf8 -*- from itertools import cycle import random import sys import pygame #将pygame库导入到python程序中 from pygame.locals import * #需要引入pygame中的所有常量。 FPS = 30 SCREENWIDTH = 288 #屏幕宽度 SCREENHEIGHT = 512 #屏幕高度 # amount by which base can maximum shift to left PIPEGAPSIZE = 100 # gap between upper and lower part of pipe 管道上下之间的间隙 BASEY = SCREENHEIGHT * 0.79 #base那个条条所在的高度注意以左上角为坐标起始点所以这个高度是往下为正 # image, sound and hitmask dicts IMAGES, SOUNDS, HITMASKS = {}, {}, {} #图像，声音，撞击的文件 # list of all possible players (tuple of 3 positions of flap) #三种小鸟造型 PLAYERS_LIST = ( # red bird ( 'assets/sprites/redbird-upflap.png', 'assets/sprites/redbird-midflap.png', 'assets/sprites/redbird-downflap.png', ), # blue bird ( # amount by which base can maximum shift to left 'assets/sprites/bluebird-upflap.png', 'assets/sprites/bluebird-midflap.png', 'assets/sprites/bluebird-downflap.png', ), # yellow bird ( 'assets/sprites/yellowbird-upflap.png', 'assets/sprites/yellowbird-midflap.png', 'assets/sprites/yellowbird-downflap.png', ), ) # list of backgrounds 两种背景，一种白天，一种黑夜 BACKGROUNDS_LIST = ( 'assets/sprites/background-day.png', 'assets/sprites/background-night.png', ) # list of pipes 管道的两种颜色，一种绿色，一种红色 PIPES_LIST = ( 'assets/sprites/pipe-green.png', 'assets/sprites/pipe-red.png', ) try: xrange except NameError: xrange = range def main(): global SCREEN, FPSCLOCK pygame.init() #经过初始化以后我们就可以尽情地使用pygame了。 #使用Pygame时钟之前，必须先创建Clock对象的一个实例， FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()#控制每个循环多长时间运行一次。这就像一个定时器在控制时间进程，指出“现在开始下一个循环”！现在开始下一个循环！…… SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREENWIDTH, SCREENHEIGHT))#通常来说我们需要先创建一个窗口，方便我们与程序的交互。 pygame.display.set_caption('Flappy Bird')#设置窗口标题 # numbers sprites for score display #加载并转换图像 #在pygame中可以使用pygame.image.load（）函数来加载位图（支持jpg,png,gif,bmp,pcx,tif,tga等多种图片格式）。 #convert_alpha()方法会使用透明的方法绘制前景对象。 # 因此在加载一个有alpha通道的素材时（比如PNG TGA），需要使用convert_alpha()方法，当然普通的图片也是可以使用这个方法的，用了也不会有什么副作用。 IMAGES['numbers'] = ( pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/0.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/1.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/2.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/3.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/4.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/5.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/6.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/7.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/8.png').convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/9.png').convert_alpha() ) # game over sprite 游戏结束显示的图像 IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/gameover.png').convert_alpha() # message sprite for welcome screen 欢迎界面显示的图像 IMAGES['message'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/message.png').convert_alpha() # base (ground) sprite 始终显示的base图像 IMAGES['base'] = pygame.image.load('assets/sprites/base.png').convert_alpha() # sounds # WAV版 OGG版是指游戏的音频格式 # WAV版是属于游戏原版 # OGG是大大们通过转换器把音频格式的WAV改成OGG，这样游戏的配置提高要求使游戏本身的体积而缩小节省了空间。 #可以看一下同一个音频 ogg版的是比wav版的文件小很多 if 'win' in sys.platform: #判断当前系统平台来设置声音文件后缀 soundExt = '.wav' else: soundExt = '.ogg' # 音效:pygame.mixer # sound = pygame.mixer.Sound('/home/liumin/love.wav')使用指定文件名载入一个音频文件，并创建一个Sound对象。音频文件可以是wav,ogg等格式。 # 音频文件的内容会被全部载入到内存中。 SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/die' + soundExt) SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/hit' + soundExt) SOUNDS['point'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/point' + soundExt) SOUNDS['swoosh'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/swoosh' + soundExt) SOUNDS['wing'] = pygame.mixer.Sound('assets/audio/wing' + soundExt) while True: # select random background sprites 加载随机背景（白天或者黑夜） randBg = random.randint(0, len(BACKGROUNDS_LIST) - 1)#随机选择0或者1 IMAGES['background'] = pygame.image.load(BACKGROUNDS_LIST[randBg]).convert()#加载随机背景 # select random player sprites 加载随机角色（红色、蓝色、黄色小鸟） randPlayer = random.randint(0, len(PLAYERS_LIST) - 1) IMAGES['player'] = ( pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][0]).convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][1]).convert_alpha(), pygame.image.load(PLAYERS_LIST[randPlayer][2]).convert_alpha(), ) # select random pipe sprites 加载随机管道样式 pipeindex = random.randint(0, len(PIPES_LIST) - 1) IMAGES['pipe'] = ( pygame.transform.rotate( pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(), 180),#旋转180度 pygame.image.load(PIPES_LIST[pipeindex]).convert_alpha(), )#一个上面的管道一个下面的管道 # hismask for pipes #得到管道的边界mask HITMASKS['pipe'] = ( getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][0]), getHitmask(IMAGES['pipe'][1]), ) # hitmask for player #得到player的边界mask HITMASKS['player'] = ( getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][0]), getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][1]), getHitmask(IMAGES['player'][2]), ) movementInfo = showWelcomeAnimation()#返回'playery'（player所在位置）,'basex'（base图像所在位置） 'playerIndexGen'（飞行姿势index） crashInfo = mainGame(movementInfo) showGameOverScreen(crashInfo) def showWelcomeAnimation(): """Shows welcome screen animation of flappy bird""" # index of player to blit on screen playerIndex = 0 playerIndexGen = cycle([0, 1, 2, 1]) # iterator used to change playerIndex after every 5th iteration loopIter = 0 #player所在位置 playerx = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2) playery = int((SCREENHEIGHT - IMAGES['player'][0].get_height()) / 2) #欢迎图像所在位置 messagex = int((SCREENWIDTH - IMAGES['message'].get_width()) / 2) messagey = int(SCREENHEIGHT * 0.12) basex = 0 # amount by which base can maximum shift to left 可以最大限度地向左移动的距离 baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width() # player shm for up-down motion on welcome screen 角色在欢迎屏幕上进行上下移动 playerShmVals = {'val': 0, 'dir': 1} while True: for event in pygame.event.get():#使用pygame.event.get()来处理所有的事件, if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE):#如果 quit 或者按键之后又按下esc，就结束游戏 pygame.quit() sys.exit() if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP):#如果按键之后点击或者按下↑ # make first flap sound and return values for mainGame SOUNDS['wing'].play()#播放飞的特效声音 return {#返回初始位置进入maingame 'playery': playery + playerShmVals['val'], 'basex': basex, 'playerIndexGen': playerIndexGen, } # adjust playery, playerIndex, basex if (loopIter + 1) % 5 == 0: playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen)#获得匹配元素集合中每个元素紧邻的同胞元素调整飞行姿势图片 loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30 basex = -((-basex + 4) % baseShift) playerShm(playerShmVals) # draw sprites #screen.blit(space, (0,0))可以绘制位图第一个参数是加载完成的位图，第二个参数是绘制的起始坐标。 SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0)) SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex], (playerx, playery + playerShmVals['val'])) SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['message'], (messagex, messagey)) SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY)) pygame.display.update()#更新整个窗口 FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次 def mainGame(movementInfo): score = playerIndex = loopIter = 0#初始得分以及初始player的姿态以及迭代次数都为0 playerIndexGen = movementInfo['playerIndexGen']#得到飞行姿势 playerx, playery = int(SCREENWIDTH * 0.2), movementInfo['playery']#player所在位置 basex = movementInfo['basex']#base图像所在位置 baseShift = IMAGES['base'].get_width() - IMAGES['background'].get_width() # get 2 new pipes to add to upperPipes lowerPipes list newPipe1 = getRandomPipe() newPipe2 = getRandomPipe() # list of upper pipes upperPipes = [ {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[0]['y']}, {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[0]['y']}, ] # list of lowerpipe lowerPipes = [ {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200, 'y': newPipe1[1]['y']}, {'x': SCREENWIDTH + 200 + (SCREENWIDTH / 2), 'y': newPipe2[1]['y']}, ] pipeVelX = -4 # player velocity, max velocity, downward accleration, accleration on flap 角色速度，最大速度，向下加速度，襟翼加速度 playerVelY = -9 # player's velocity along Y, default same as playerFlapped playerMaxVelY = 10 # max vel along Y, max descend speed playerMinVelY = -8 # min vel along Y, max ascend speed playerAccY = 1 # players downward accleration playerRot = 45 # player's rotation playerVelRot = 3 # angular speed playerRotThr = 20 # rotation threshold playerFlapAcc = -9 # players speed on flapping playerFlapped = False # True when player flaps while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE): pygame.quit() sys.exit() if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP): if playery > -2 * IMAGES['player'][0].get_height():#如果点击 playerVelY = playerFlapAcc#上升 playerFlapped = True SOUNDS['wing'].play()#并播放飞行音效 # check for crash here crashTest = checkCrash({'x': playerx, 'y': playery, 'index': playerIndex}, upperPipes, lowerPipes) if crashTest[0]:#如果掉在地上或者撞击到了管道，就返回结束游戏 return { 'y': playery, 'groundCrash': crashTest[1], 'basex': basex, 'upperPipes': upperPipes, 'lowerPipes': lowerPipes, 'score': score, 'playerVelY': playerVelY, 'playerRot': playerRot } # check for score playerMidPos = playerx + IMAGES['player'][0].get_width() / 2 for pipe in upperPipes: pipeMidPos = pipe['x'] + IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width() / 2 if pipeMidPos <= playerMidPos < pipeMidPos + 4:#当角色达到管道缝隙的中间+4时，score+1，并且在此时播放得分音效 score += 1 SOUNDS['point'].play() # playerIndex basex change if (loopIter + 1) % 3 == 0: playerIndex = next(playerIndexGen) loopIter = (loopIter + 1) % 30 basex = -((-basex + 100) % baseShift) # rotate the player if playerRot > -90: playerRot -= playerVelRot # player's movement if playerVelY < playerMaxVelY and not playerFlapped: playerVelY += playerAccY if playerFlapped: playerFlapped = False # more rotation to cover the threshold (calculated in visible rotation) playerRot = 45 playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][playerIndex].get_height() playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight) # move pipes to left for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes): uPipe['x'] += pipeVelX #管道移动 lPipe['x'] += pipeVelX # add new pipe when first pipe is about to touch left of screen if 0 < upperPipes[0]['x'] < 5:#当第一个管道移动到屏幕左侧边缘时，生成下一个管道 newPipe = getRandomPipe() upperPipes.append(newPipe[0]) lowerPipes.append(newPipe[1]) # remove first pipe if its out of the screen if upperPipes[0]['x'] < -IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width(): #当管道移动到屏幕外侧后，删除它 upperPipes.pop(0) lowerPipes.pop(0) # draw sprites SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0)) for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes): SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y'])) SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y'])) SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY)) # print score so player overlaps the score showScore(score) #显示得分 # Player rotation has a threshold visibleRot = playerRotThr if playerRot <= playerRotThr: visibleRot = playerRot playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][playerIndex], visibleRot)#旋转角色 SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx, playery))#显示旋转后的角色 pygame.display.update()#更新窗口 FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)#循环应该多长时间运行一次 def showGameOverScreen(crashInfo): """crashes the player down ans shows gameover image""" score = crashInfo['score']#获取得分 playerx = SCREENWIDTH * 0.2 playery = crashInfo['y'] playerHeight = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height() playerVelY = crashInfo['playerVelY'] playerAccY = 2 playerRot = crashInfo['playerRot'] playerVelRot = 7 basex = crashInfo['basex'] upperPipes, lowerPipes = crashInfo['upperPipes'], crashInfo['lowerPipes'] # play hit and die sounds SOUNDS['hit'].play() if not crashInfo['groundCrash']:#如果没有撞击到地面，就播放die音效就可以了 SOUNDS['die'].play() while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT or (event.type == KEYDOWN and event.key == K_ESCAPE): pygame.quit() sys.exit() if event.type == KEYDOWN and (event.key == K_SPACE or event.key == K_UP): if playery + playerHeight >= BASEY - 1: return # player y shift if playery + playerHeight < BASEY - 1: playery += min(playerVelY, BASEY - playery - playerHeight) # player velocity change if playerVelY < 15: playerVelY += playerAccY # rotate only when it's a pipe crash if not crashInfo['groundCrash']: if playerRot > -90: playerRot -= playerVelRot # draw sprites SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['background'], (0,0)) for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes): SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][0], (uPipe['x'], uPipe['y'])) SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['pipe'][1], (lPipe['x'], lPipe['y'])) SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['base'], (basex, BASEY)) showScore(score) playerSurface = pygame.transform.rotate(IMAGES['player'][1], playerRot) SCREEN.blit(playerSurface, (playerx,playery)) FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS) pygame.display.update() def playerShm(playerShm): """oscillates the value of playerShm['val'] between 8 and -8""" if abs(playerShm['val']) == 8: playerShm['dir'] *= -1 if playerShm['dir'] == 1: playerShm['val'] += 1 else: playerShm['val'] -= 1 def getRandomPipe():#随机生成随机高度的管道？？？？？？？？还需要看细节 """returns a randomly generated pipe""" # y of gap between upper and lower pipe gapY = random.randrange(0, int(BASEY * 0.6 - PIPEGAPSIZE)) gapY += int(BASEY * 0.2) pipeHeight = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height() pipeX = SCREENWIDTH + 10 return [ {'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY - pipeHeight}, # upper pipe {'x': pipeX, 'y': gapY + PIPEGAPSIZE}, # lower pipe ] def showScore(score): """displays score in center of screen""" scoreDigits = [int(x) for x in list(str(score))] totalWidth = 0 # total width of all numbers to be printed for digit in scoreDigits: totalWidth += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width() Xoffset = (SCREENWIDTH - totalWidth) / 2 for digit in scoreDigits: SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['numbers'][digit], (Xoffset, SCREENHEIGHT * 0.1))#显示得分 Xoffset += IMAGES['numbers'][digit].get_width() def checkCrash(player, upperPipes, lowerPipes): """returns True if player collders with base or pipes.""" pi = player['index']#飞行姿势 player['w'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_width() player['h'] = IMAGES['player'][0].get_height() # if player crashes into ground 掉在地上 if player['y'] + player['h'] >= BASEY - 1: return [True, True] #返回 else: playerRect = pygame.Rect(player['x'], player['y'], player['w'], player['h']) pipeW = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_width() pipeH = IMAGES['pipe'][0].get_height() for uPipe, lPipe in zip(upperPipes, lowerPipes): # upper and lower pipe rects uPipeRect = pygame.Rect(uPipe['x'], uPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH) lPipeRect = pygame.Rect(lPipe['x'], lPipe['y'], pipeW, pipeH) # player and upper/lower pipe hitmasks pHitMask = HITMASKS['player'][pi] uHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][0] lHitmask = HITMASKS['pipe'][1] # if bird collided with upipe or lpipe uCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, uPipeRect, pHitMask, uHitmask) lCollide = pixelCollision(playerRect, lPipeRect, pHitMask, lHitmask) if uCollide or lCollide:#如果撞击到了上管道或者下管道返回 return [True, False] return [False, False] def pixelCollision(rect1, rect2, hitmask1, hitmask2): """Checks if two objects collide and not just their rects""" rect = rect1.clip(rect2)#角色和管道之间重合的情况 if rect.width == 0 or rect.height == 0:#没重合就是没撞击到 return False x1, y1 = rect.x - rect1.x, rect.y - rect1.y x2, y2 = rect.x - rect2.x, rect.y - rect2.y for x in xrange(rect.width): for y in xrange(rect.height): if hitmask1[x1+x][y1+y] and hitmask2[x2+x][y2+y]:#撞击到了 return True return False def getHitmask(image): """returns a hitmask using an image's alpha.""" #得到撞击mask mask = [] for x in xrange(image.get_width()): mask.append([]) for y in xrange(image.get_height()): mask[x].append(bool(image.get_at((x,y))[3])) return mask if __name__ == '__main__': main()

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