Cookbook组件形式：优化 Vue 组件的运行时性能

<template>
 <tree :data="data" expanded-keys.sync="expandedKeys"></tree>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 data() {
 return {
 data: [{
 key: '1',
 label: '节点 1',
 children: [{
  key: '1-1',
  label: '节点 1-1'
 }]
 }, {
 key: '2',
 label: '节点 2'
 }]
 }
 }
};
</script>

<template>
 <ul class="tree">
 <li
 v-for="node in nodes"
 v-show="status[node.key].visible"
 :key="node.key"
 class="tree-node"
 :
 >
 <i
 v-if="node.children"
 class="tree-node-arrow"
 :class="{ expanded: status[node.key].expanded }"
 @click="changeExpanded(node.key)"
 >
 </i>
 {{ node.label }}
 </li>
 </ul>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 props: {
 data: Array,
 expandedKeys: {
 type: Array,
 default: () => [],
 },
 },
 computed: {
 // 将 data 转为一维数组，方便 v-for 进行遍历
 // 同时添加 level 和 parent 属性
 nodes() {
 return this.getNodes(this.data);
 },
 // status 是一个 key 和节点状态的一个 Map 数据结构
 status() {
 return this.getStatus(this.nodes);
 },
 },
 methods: {
 // 对 data 进行递归，返回一个所有节点的一维数组
 getNodes(data, level = 0, parent = null) {
 let nodes = [];
 data.forEach((item) => {
 const node = {
  level,
  parent,
  ...item,
 };
 nodes.push(node);
 if (item.children) {
  const children = this.getNodes(item.children, level + 1, node);
  nodes = [...nodes, ...children];
  node.children = children.filter(child => child.level === level + 1);
 }
 });
 return nodes;
 },
 // 遍历 nodes，计算每个节点的状态
 getStatus(nodes) {
 const status = {};
 nodes.forEach((node) => {
 const parentStatus = status[node.parent && node.parent.key] || {};
 status[node.key] = {
  expanded: this.expandedKeys.includes(node.key),
  visible: node.level === 0 || (parentStatus.expanded && parentStatus.visible),
 };
 });
 return status;
 },
 // 切换节点的展开状态
 changeExpanded(key) {
 const index = this.expandedKeys.indexOf(key);
 const expandedKeys = [...this.expandedKeys];
 if (index >= 0) {
 expandedKeys.splice(index, 1);
 } else {
 expandedKeys.push(key);
 }
 this.$emit('update:expandedKeys', expandedKeys);
 },
 },
};
</script>

export default {
 // ...
 methods: {
 // ...
 changeExpanded(key) {
 // ...
 this.$emit('update:expandedKeys', expandedKeys);

 console.time('expanded change');

 this.$nextTick(() => {
 console.timeEnd('expanded change');
 });
 },
 },
 beforeCreate() {
 console.time('first rendering');
 },
 mounted() {
 console.timeEnd('first rendering');
 },
};

<template>
 <tree :data="data" :expanded-keys.sync="expandedKeys"></tree>
</template>

<script>
export default {
 data() {
 return {
 // 生成一个有 3 层，每层 10 个共 1000 个节点的节点树
 data: this.getRandomData(3, 10),
 expandedKeys: [],
 };
 },
 methods: {
 getRandomData(layers, count, parent) {
 return Array.from({ length: count }, (v, i) => {
 const key = (parent ? `${parent.key}-` : '') + (i + 1);
 const node = {
  key,
  label: `节点 ${key}`,
 };
 if (layers > 1) {
  node.children = this.getRandomData(layers - 1, count, node);
 }
 return node;
 });
 },
 },
};
<script>

first rendering: 406.068115234375ms
expanded change: 231.623779296875ms

<li
 v-for="node in nodes"
 v-if="status[node.key].visible"
 :key="node.key"
 class="tree-node"
 :
>
 ...
</li>

visible ? h('li') : this._e() // this._e() 生成一个注释节点

<li
 v-for="node in visibleNodes"
 :key="node.key"
 class="tree-node"
 :
>
 ...
</li>

<script>
export {
 // ...
 computed: {
 visibleNodes() {
 return this.nodes.filter(node => this.status[node.key].visible);
 },
 },
 // ...
}
</script>

first rendering: 194.7890625ms
expanded change: 204.01904296875ms

<!-- 无法展开 / 折叠节点 -->
<tree :data="data"></tree>

export default {
 props: {
 data: Array,
 // 默认展开节点
 defaultExpandedKeys: {
 type: Array,
 default: () => [],
 },
 },
 data() {
 return {
 status: null, // status 为局部状态
 };
 },
 computed: {
 nodes() {
 return this.getNodes(this.data);
 },
 },
 watch: {
 nodes: {
 // nodes 改变时重新计算 status
 handler() {
 this.status = this.getStatus(this.nodes);
 },
 // 初始化 status
 immediate: true,
 },
 // defaultExpandedKeys 改变时重新计算 status
 defaultExpandedKeys() {
 this.status = this.getStatus(this.nodes);
 },
 },
 methods: {
 getNodes(data, level = 0, parent = null) {
 // ...
 },
 getStatus(nodes) {
 // ...
 },
 // 展开或折叠节点时直接修改 status，并通知父组件
 changeExpanded(key) {
 console.time('expanded change');

 const node = this.nodes.find(n => n.key === key); // 找到该节点
 const newExpanded = !this.status[key].expanded; // 新的展开状态
 
 // 递归该节点的后代节点，更新 status
 const updateVisible = (n, visible) => {
 n.children.forEach((child) => {
  this.status[child.key].visible = visible && this.status[n.key].expanded;
  if (child.children) updateVisible(child, visible);
 });
 };

 this.status[key].expanded = newExpanded;

 updateVisible(node, newExpanded);

 // 触发节点展开状态改变事件
 this.$emit('expanded-change', node, newExpanded, this.nodes.filter(n => this.status[n.key].expanded));

 this.$nextTick(() => {
 console.timeEnd('expanded change');
 });
 },
 },
 beforeCreate() {
 console.time('first rendering');
 },
 mounted() {
 console.timeEnd('first rendering');
 },
};

<!-- 节点可以展开或收起 -->
<tree :data="data"></tree>

<!-- 配置默认展开的节点 -->
<tree
 :data="data"
 :default-expanded-keys="['1', '1-1']"
 @expanded-change="handleExpandedChange"
>
</tree>

first rendering: 91.48193359375ms
expanded change: 20.4287109375ms

// 生成 10000 个节点
this.getRandomData(4, 1000)

export default {
 // ...
 watch: {
 data: {
 handler() {
 this.nodes = this.getNodes(this.data);
 this.status = this.getStatus(this.nodes);
 },
 immediate: true,
 },
 // ...
 },
 // ...
};

first rendering: 490.119140625ms
expanded change: 183.94189453125ms

this.nodes = Object.freeze(this.getNodes(this.data));

first rendering: 312.22998046875ms
expanded change: 179.59326171875ms

// 生成 defaultExpandedKeys 的 Map 对象
const expandedKeysMap = this.defaultExpandedKeys.reduce((map, key) => {
 map[key] = true;
 return map;
}, {});

// 查找时
if (expandedKeysMap[key]) {
 // do something
}