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小编给大家分享一下如何使用python实现爬取图书封面，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后都有所收获，下面让我们一起去探讨吧！
具体内容如下
kongfuzi.py
利用更换代理ip，延迟提交数据，设置请求头破解网站的反爬虫机制
import requests
import random
import time
class DownLoad():
def __init__(self):
self.ip_list = ['191.33.179.242:8080', '122.72.108.53:80', '93.190.142.214:80', '189.8.88.125:65301',
'36.66.55.181:8080', '170.84.102.5:8080', '177.200.72.214:20183', '115.229.115.190:9000']
self.user_agent_list = [
'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11'
]
def get(self, url, proxy=None, timeout=20, num=5):
print("正在请求%s" % url)
UA = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
headers = {'User-Agent': UA}
if proxy == None:
try:
return requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=timeout)
except:
if num > 0:
time.sleep(10)
return self.get(url, num=num - 1)
else:
time.sleep(10)
IP = ''.join(random.choice(self.ip_list).strip())
proxy = {'http': IP}
return self.get(url, proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout)
else:
try:
IP = ''.join(random.choice(self.ip_list).strip())
proxy = {'http': IP}
return requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxy=proxy, timeout=timeout)
except:
if num > 0:
time.sleep(10)
IP = ''.join(random.choice(self.ip_list).strip())
proxy = {'http': IP}
print("正在更换代理")
print("当前代理%s" % proxy)
return self.get(url, proxy=proxy, num=num - 1)main.py
将爬取的图片保存到本地，然后展示到界面
import kongfuzi
import os
import requests
import bs4
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
# 下载图片，生成图片地址列表和图书信息列表
def download():
baseUrl = "http://search.kongfz.com"
keyword = e1.get()
url = baseUrl + "/product_result/?select=0&key=" + keyword
print("下载链接：" + url)
show(url)
# bs4处理
def changesoup(html):
htm = html.content
html_doc = str(htm, 'utf-8')
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html.parser")
return soup
# 图书信息集合
def bookinfo(soup):
# 图书价格列表
price = []
soupprice = soup.select(".first-info .f_right .bold")
for i in soupprice:
price.append(i.string)
# 书店名列表
storename = []
soupstorename = soup.select(".text a span")
for each in soupstorename:
if each.string == None:
soupstorename.remove(each)
for i in soupstorename:
storename.append(i.string)
# 商家地区列表
place = []
soupplace = soup.select(".user-place")
for i in soupplace:
place.append(i.string)
# 书名列表
bookname = []
bookname1 = soup.select(
".search-wrap .search-main .search-main-result .result-content .result-list .item .item-info .title .link")
# print(len(bookname1))
# print(bookname1)
for each in bookname1:
print(each)
# a = bs4.BeautifulSoup(each, "html.parser")
a = each.get_text()
print(a)
# type(a)
# a = bs4.BeautifulSoup(a, "html.parser")
# b = a.get_text()
bookname.append(a)
# print(bookname)
# print(len(bookname))
return bookname, price, place, storename
# 保存图片
def imgsave(soup):
dirName = "image"
os.makedirs(dirName, exist_ok=True)
filePathList = []
imgUrl = soup.select(".search-main-result .result-content .result-list .item .item-img .img-box img")
# print(imgUrl)
if not imgUrl:
print("没有找到当前节点下图片")
else:
i = 0
for imageUrls in imgUrl:
# 找到图片地址 获取它
downloadUrl = imageUrls.get('src')
# if downloadUrl == "/searchfront/img/error.jpg":
# downloadUrl = "https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200622/113/50847.jpg"
print("打印要下载的图片地址:", downloadUrl)
# http://book.kongfz.com/img/pc/error.jpg
# 分割字符
split = downloadUrl.split("/")
# 只保留最后一个元素
fileName = str(i) + "-" + os.path.basename(split[len(split) - 1])
print("文件名：" + fileName)
# 建立一个新路径
filePath = os.path.join(dirName, fileName)
filePathList.append(filePath)
if not os.path.exists(filePath):
imageUrlPath = requests.get(downloadUrl)
# 检查当前网络是否请求成功
imageUrlPath.raise_for_status()
# 'wb'二进制模式打开img适用
imageFile = open(filePath, 'wb')
for image in imageUrlPath.iter_content(10000):
# 把每次遍历的文件图像都存储进文件夹中
imageFile.write(image)
# 关闭文件
imageFile.close()
i = i + 1
return filePathList
# 图片展示
def show(url):
xz = kongfuzi.DownLoad()
html = xz.get(url)
# 添加代理ip到ip_list
add_ip = e2.get()
xz.ip_list.append(add_ip)
soup = changesoup(html)
bookname, price, place, storename = bookinfo(soup)
# print(bookname)
# print(price)
# print(place)
# print(storename)
filePathList = imgsave(soup)
root1 = Toplevel()
root1.geometry("1720x800")
root1.title("孔网图片爬取")
# 处理图片，转换成可以显示
photo = []
temp = []
for each in filePathList:
temp = Image.open(each)
photo.append(ImageTk.PhotoImage(temp))
canvas = Canvas(root1, width=1700, height=800, scrollregion=(0, 0, 0, 4000)) # 创建canvas
canvas.place(x=10, y=10) # 放置canvas的位置
frame = Frame(canvas) # 把frame放在canvas里
frame.place(width=1680, height=800)
for i in range(50):
# 图片行列
rownum = int(i / 5)
columnnum = i % 5
# photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(filePathList[i]))
imgLabel1 = Label(frame, image=photo[i], width=280, height=280)
imgLabel1.grid(row=rownum * 5, column=columnnum, padx=10, pady=5)
infoLabel1 = Label(frame, text="书名：" + bookname[i], bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
infoLabel1.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 1, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)
infoLabel2 = Label(frame, text="价格：" + price[i] + "元", bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
infoLabel2.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 2, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)
infoLabel3 = Label(frame, text="发货地区：" + place[i], bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
infoLabel3.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 3, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)
infoLabel4 = Label(frame, text="书店：" + storename[i], bg="#FFF8DC", justify=LEFT)
infoLabel4.grid(row=rownum * 5 + 4, column=columnnum, padx=45, pady=2, sticky=W)
vbar = Scrollbar(canvas, orient=VERTICAL) # 竖直滚动条
vbar.place(x=1680, width=20, height=800)
vbar.configure(command=canvas.yview)
canvas.config(yscrollcommand=vbar.set) # 设置
canvas.create_window((800, 2000), window=frame)
mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 界面
root = Tk()
root.title("孔网图片爬取")
e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)
e1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20)
e2.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=20, pady=20)
label1 = Label(root, text="关键字", width=10).grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)
label2 = Label(root, text="添加代理ip", width=10).grid(row=0, column=3, padx=10, pady=5)
btn1 = Button(root, text="搜索", width=10, command=download).grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=5)
# print(e1.get())
mainloop()看完了这篇文章，相信你对“如何使用python实现爬取图书封面”有了一定的了解，如果想了解更多相关知识，欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读！
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