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这篇文章主要介绍Spring MVC怎么实现mysql数据库增删改查,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
最近刚学了springmvc框架,感觉确实方便了不少,减少了大量的冗余代码。就自己做了个小项目练练手,这是个初级的springmvc应用的项目,没有用到mybatis,项目功能还算完善,实现了基本的增删改查的功能。
项目环境:
-系统:win10
-开发环境:eclipseOxygenReleaseCandidate3(4.7)
-jdk版本:java1.8(121)
-mysql:5.7
-spring:4.0
-tomcat:8.5
用到的技术:
springmvcspringjspjdbcjavaBeanjsjstl
访问地址:http://localhost:8080/你的项目名/all
声明:我只是一个刚入门不久的新手,所写代码难免有出错之处,如发现欢迎各位指出,谢谢大家。
下面就贴上详细过程
1.首先创建一个web项目(DynamicWebProject)
项目名字就自己写了,不再详细写
2. 这是我的已完成项目结构
我只是为了实现功能,没有用到接口,只用了简单的三个类,bean包下的实体类,dao层数据库访问类,controller层的界面控制类,
所有引用的jar包都在/WebContent/WEB-INF/lib文件夹下,这点与普通的java项目不同。
3. 具体java代码
1.Student类,实体类 首先要写一个javaBean,我的是Student作为javaBean,详细代码如下:
package bean; public class Student { private Integer id;//学生id private String name;//学生姓名 private Double javaScore;//java成绩 private Double htmlScore;//html成绩 private Double cssScore;//css成绩 private Double totalScore; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Double getJavaScore() { return javaScore; } public void setJavaScore(Double javaScore) { this.javaScore = javaScore; } public Double getHtmlScore() { return htmlScore; } public void setHtmlScore(Double htmlScore) { this.htmlScore = htmlScore; } public Double getCssScore() { return cssScore; } public void setCssScore(Double cssScore) { this.cssScore = cssScore; } public Double getTotalScore() { return totalScore; } public void setTotalScore(Double totalScore) { this.totalScore = totalScore; } }
2. StudentDao,数据库访问操作类 然后是dao层即数据访问层的代码,这里使用的是spring封装的一个类(JdbcTemplate),里面有一些操作数据库的方法,不用再自己写大量重复代码,只要写SQL语句。下面是具体代码:
package dao; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Types; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; import bean.Student; public class StudentDao { /** * @Fields jdbcTemplate : TODO */ private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; /** * spring提供的类 * * @param jdbcTemplate * 返回值类型: void * @author janinus */ public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) { this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate; } /** * 查询所有学生 * * @return 返回值类型: List<Student> * @author janinus */ public List<Student> queryAll() { String sql = "select id,name,javaScore,htmlScore,cssScore from student"; //将查询结果映射到Student类中,添加到list中,并返回 return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new StudentMapper()); } /** * 通过姓名查询 * * @param name * @return 返回值类型: List<Student> * @author janinus */ public List<Student> queryByName(String name) { String sql = "select id,name,javaScore,htmlScore,cssScore from student where name like '%" + name + "%'"; return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new StudentMapper()); } /** * 添加学生 * * @param student * @return 返回值类型: boolean * @author janinus */ public boolean addStu(Student student) { String sql = "insert into student(id,name,javaScore,htmlScore,cssScore) values(0,?,?,?,?)"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new Object[] { student.getName(), student.getJavaScore(), student.getHtmlScore(), student.getCssScore() }, new int[] { Types.VARCHAR, Types.DOUBLE, Types.DOUBLE, Types.DOUBLE }) == 1; } /** * 删除学生 * * @param id * @return 返回值类型: boolean * @author janinus */ public boolean deleteStu(Integer id) { String sql = "delete from student where id = ?"; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id) == 1; } /** * 更新学生信息 * * @param student * @return 返回值类型: boolean * @author janinus */ public boolean updateStu(Student student) { String sql = "update student set name=? ,javaScore=?,htmlScore = ? ,cssScore = ? where id = ?"; Object stuObj[] = new Object[] { student.getName(), student.getJavaScore(), student.getHtmlScore(), student.getCssScore(), student.getId() }; return jdbcTemplate.update(sql, stuObj) == 1; } /** * 返回总成绩前n名学生 * * @param num * @return 返回值类型: List<Student> * @author janinus */ public List<Student> topNum(int num) { String sql = "select id,name,javaScore+htmlScore+cssScore from student order by javaScore+htmlScore+cssScore desc ,name asc limit ?"; return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Student>() { @Override public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Student student = new Student(); student.setId(rs.getInt(1)); student.setName(rs.getString(2)); student.setTotalScore(rs.getDouble(3)); return student; } }, num); } /** * * StudentMapper数据库映射 * * @ClassName StudentMapper * @author janinus * @date 2017年6月27日 * @Version V1.0 */ class StudentMapper implements RowMapper<Student> { @Override public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Student student = new Student(); student.setId(rs.getInt(1)); student.setName(rs.getString(2)); student.setJavaScore(rs.getDouble(3)); student.setHtmlScore(rs.getDouble(4)); student.setCssScore(rs.getDouble(5)); return student; } } }
3. StudentController ,前后端交互类 最后是与用户交互有关的控制层StudentController类,这个类主要用来将前后端联合,实现完整的交互。下面是具体代码:
package controller; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import bean.Student; import dao.StudentDao; @Controller public class StudentController { /** * * 从数据库中获取全部学生信息,将数据返回给主页index,jsp * * @param model * @return 返回值类型: String * @author janinus */ @RequestMapping(value = "/all") public String queryAll(Model model) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); //从ioc容器中获取dao StudentDao dao = (StudentDao) context.getBean("dao"); model.addAttribute("students", dao.queryAll()); model.addAttribute("tops", dao.topNum(3)); return "index.jsp"; } /** * 通过姓名查找学生,使用模糊查找,将结果返回给index.jsp * * @param name * @param model * @return 返回值类型: String * @author janinus */ @RequestMapping(value = "/queryByName") public String queryByName(String name, Model model) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); //从ioc容器中获取dao StudentDao dao = (StudentDao) context.getBean("dao"); model.addAttribute("students", dao.queryByName(name)); model.addAttribute("tops", dao.topNum(3)); return "index.jsp"; } /** * 添加新学生,并将结果返回给all页面,由all转发到主页 * @param name * @param javaScore * @param htmlScore * @param cssScore * @param model * @return 返回值类型: String * @author janinus */ @RequestMapping(value = "/add") public String addStu(String name, String javaScore, String htmlScore, String cssScore, Model model) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); StudentDao dao = (StudentDao) context.getBean("dao"); Student student = new Student(); student.setName(name); student.setJavaScore(Double.parseDouble(javaScore)); student.setHtmlScore(Double.parseDouble(htmlScore)); student.setCssScore(Double.parseDouble(cssScore)); boolean result = dao.addStu(student); if (result) model.addAttribute("msg", "<script>alert('添加成功!')</script>"); else model.addAttribute("msg", "<script>alert('添加成功!')</script>"); return "all"; } /** * 通过id删除学生 * @param id * @param model * @return 返回值类型: String * @author janinus */ @RequestMapping(value = "/deleteById") public String deleteById(String id, Model model) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); StudentDao dao = (StudentDao) context.getBean("dao"); boolean result = dao.deleteStu(Integer.parseInt(id)); if (result) model.addAttribute("msg", "<script>alert('删除成功!')</script>"); else model.addAttribute("msg", "<script>alert('删除成功!')</script>"); return "all"; } /** * * @param id * @param name * @param javaScore * @param htmlScore * @param cssScore * @param model * @return 返回值类型: String * @author janinus */ @RequestMapping(value = "/update") public String updateStu(String id, String name, String javaScore, String htmlScore, String cssScore, Model model) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); StudentDao dao = (StudentDao) context.getBean("dao"); Student student = new Student(); student.setId(Integer.parseInt(id)); student.setName(name); student.setJavaScore(Double.parseDouble(javaScore)); student.setHtmlScore(Double.parseDouble(htmlScore)); student.setCssScore(Double.parseDouble(cssScore)); boolean result = dao.updateStu(student); if (result) model.addAttribute("msg", msg("修改成功")); else model.addAttribute("msg", msg("修改失败")); return "all"; } /** * 要弹出的页面消息 * @param msg * @return 返回值类型: String * @author janinus */ public String msg(String msg) { return "<script>alert('" + msg + "')</script>"; } }
所有的java代码已经完成,下面只剩下具体的xml配置和前端页面。
4.前端页面
由于是一个简单的小项目,我的js,css都在同一个页面,没有分开,只有两个页面,
1.index.jsp
主页,截图
编辑
详细代码:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>学生管理</title> </head> <style type="text/css"> body{ text-align: center; } .all{ width:40%; margin: 20px 100px; text-align: center; height: 300px; float: left; } table{ width: 80%; margin: 20px auto; font-size: 14px; overflow: auto; } #tab02{ width: 80%; margin: 20px auto; font-size: 14px; } table th,table td{ border-bottom: 1px #000 solid; line-height: 23px; } #edit_comm{ width: 500px; margin: 20px auto; border-left: 3px solid #000; display: none; } #add_comm{ width: 500px; margin: 20px auto; border-left: 3px solid #000; } #all_comm{ height:600px; } .edit_stu{ width:200px; height: 30px; background: #fff; font-family: "微软雅黑 Light", "Arial Black"; font-size: 18px; border: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #000; margin: 20px 10px; } </style> <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $("#cancel").click(function(){ $("#add_comm").fadeIn(); $("#edit_comm").fadeOut(); }) $("input").addClass("edit_stu"); }) function refush(){ window.location.href="all" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ; } function add_reg(){ var name = $("#add_edit_name").val(); var javaScore = $("#add_edit_java").val(); var htmlScore = $("#add_edit_html").val(); var cssScore=$("#add_edit_css").val(); var nameNot = name!=null&&name!=''; var javaScoreNot = javaScore!=null && javaScore != ''; var htmlScoreNot = htmlScore!=null && htmlScore !=''; var cssScoreNot = cssScore !=null && cssScore != ''; if(nameNot&&javaScoreNot&&htmlScoreNot&&cssScoreNot) return true; else return false; } function delete_stu(id){ var result = confirm("是否删除?"); if(result) window.location.href="deleteById?id=" rel="external nofollow" +id; } function edit_stu(id){ var name = $("#name"+id).text(); var java = $("#java"+id).text(); var html = $("#html"+id).text(); var css = $("#css"+id).text(); $("#edit_id").val( id); $("#edit_name").val(name); $("#edit_java").val(java); $("#edit_html").val(html); $("#edit_css").val(css); $("#add_comm").fadeOut(); $("#edit_comm").fadeIn(); } </script> <body> ${msg } <h2 align="center">学生管理</h2> <div id="all_comm" class="all" > <h3>所有学生</h3> <table id="items" > <tr> <td>id</td> <td>名称</td> <td>java分数</td> <td>html分数</td> <td>css分数</td> <td>操作</td> </tr> <c:forEach items="${students }" var="student" > <tr> <td id="id${student.id }">${student.id }</td> <td id="name${student.id }">${student.name }</td> <td id="java${student.id}">${student.javaScore }</td> <td id="html${student.id }">${student.htmlScore }</td> <td id="css${student.id}">${student.cssScore }</td> <td ><a onclick="delete_stu(${student.id})">删除</a>|<a onclick="edit_stu(${student.id})">编辑</a></td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> <table id="tab02"> <h3>前三名</h3> <tr> <td>排名</td> <td>id</td> <td>姓名</td> <td>总分数</td> </tr> <c:forEach items="${tops }" var="student" varStatus="i"> <tr> <td>第${i.index+1 }名</td> <td id="id${student.id }t">${student.id }</td> <td>${student.name }</td> <td id="name${student.id }t">${student.totalScore }</td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> 如不显示请:<a onclick="refush()" >点此刷新</a> </div> <div id="add_comm" class="all"> <h3>查找学生</h3> <form action="queryByName" method="post" > <input type="text" placeholder="学生姓名" name="name" > <input type="submit" value="查找学生" > </form> <h3 id="edit_title">添加学生</h3> <form action="add" method="post" > <input type="text" placeholder="学生姓名" name="name" /> <input type="text" placeholder="java成绩" name="javaScore" /> <input type="text" placeholder="html成绩" name="htmlScore" /> <input type="text" placeholder="css成绩" name="cssScore" /> <input type="submit" value="确定添加" /> </form> </div> <div id="edit_comm" class="all"> <h3 id="edit_title">编辑学生</h3> <form action="update" method="post"> <input type="text" placeholder="要修改的id为" id="edit_id" name="id" value="要修改的id为" readonly="readonly"/><br> <input type="text" placeholder="学生姓名" id="edit_name" name="name" /> <input type="text" placeholder="java成绩" id="edit_java" name="javaScore" > <input type="text" placeholder="html成绩" id="edit_html" name="htmlScore" /> <input type="text" placeholder="css成绩" id="edit_css" name="cssScore" /> <input type="submit" value="确定修改" /> <input type="button" value="取消修改" id="cancel" class="edit_stu"/> </form> </div> </body> </html>
2. login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <h2 align="center"><a href="all" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >进入主页</a></h2> </body> </html>
5. 详细文件配置
1. applicationContext.xml
这是spring的ioc容器的配置文件,用来实现依赖注入,下面是具体代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true" > <!--数据库数据源配置--> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <!--加载驱动类--> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <!--数据库访问地址--> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"></property> <!--数据库访问用户名--> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <!--数据库访问密码--> <property name="password" value="123123"></property> </bean> <!-- spring 提供的数据库事务管理 --> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/> <!-- 配置javaBean实体类 --> <bean id="studentBean" class="bean.Student"> <!--属性自动配置 --> </bean> <!--spring提供的数据库访问操作类 --> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"></bean> <!-- dao层类 --> <bean id="dao" class="dao.StudentDao"></bean> <!-- 控制层类 ,这个配置无效--> <bean id="controller" class="controller.StudentController"> <property name="dao" ref="dao"></property> </bean> </beans>
2. springMVC-servlet.xml,spring mvc配置类,
为我们实现了servlet的大部分代码,我们只需要写业务实现即可。下面是具体代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描指定包下的类 --> <context:component-scan base-package="controller" /> </beans>
3. web.xml
这是web工程的配置文件,下面是主要代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <!--配置字符编码过滤器 ,由spring提供 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- 配置欢迎界面 --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>/all</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 配置springmvc servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
6.项目总结及附录
这个项目是个我的日常练习项目,为了更加熟练,我把完整的过程又回顾了一遍,又熟悉了很多,
项目用的jar包附录:
除了spring的包外,还有mysql-jbdc的jar包和jstl的jar包
下载地址:
spring框架jar包(可选版本):spring官网
mysql-jdbc.jar(可选版本):MySQL官网
jstl.jar(可选版本):maven官方地址
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