Oracle 11.2.0.3管理ASM的方法是什么

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一：查看ASM磁盘及磁盘组状态
SQL> select * from v$asm_disk;
SQL> select * from v$asm_diskgroup;

二：创建external 冗余磁盘组,添加，删除磁盘，删除磁盘的时候需要指定磁盘的name而不是path

   SQL> create diskgroup FRA external redundancy disk '/dev/asm-disk4';   
    Diskgroup created.   
      
    SQL> alter diskgroup fra add disk '/dev/asm-disk5' rebalance power 10;   
    Diskgroup altered.   
      
    SQL> select name,failgroup,path from v$asm_disk;   
      
    NAME                 FAILGROUP            PATH   
    -------------------- -------------------- --------------------   
    DATA_0000            DATA_0000            /dev/asm-disk1   
    DATA_0001            DATA_0001            /dev/asm-disk3   
    DATA_0002            DATA_0002            /dev/asm-disk2   
    FRA_0000             FRA_0000             /dev/asm-disk4   
    FRA_0001             FRA_0001             /dev/asm-disk5   
                                              /dev/asm-disk6   
                                              /dev/asm-disk7   
      
    SQL> alter diskgroup fra drop disk '/dev/asm-disk4' rebalance power 10;   
    alter diskgroup fra drop disk '/dev/asm-disk4' rebalance power 10   
    *   
    ERROR at line 1:   
    ORA-15032: not all alterations performed   
    ORA-15054: disk "/DEV/ASM-DISK4" does not exist in diskgroup "FRA"   
      
    SQL> alter diskgroup fra drop disk 'FRA_0000' rebalance power 10;   
    Diskgroup altered.  

三：创建normal redundancy磁盘组

    SQL> conn /as sysasm   
    Connected.   
    SQL> create diskgroup fra normal redundancy    
         failgroup fg1 disk '/dev/asm-disk4','/dev/asm-disk5'   
         failgroup fg2 disk '/dev/asm-disk6','/dev/asm-disk7'   
         attribute 'compatible.rdbms'='11.2','compatible.asm'='11.2';   
    Diskgroup created.   
      
    SQL> select name, total_mb,free_mb,required_mirror_free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;   
      
    NAME         TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB   
    ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------- --------------   
    DATA            61440      54873                       0          18291   
    FRA             81920      81592                   20480          30556  

四：failgroup测试；FAILGROUP是用于将磁盘分组，以保证丢失任何一组FAILGROUP磁盘，数据还是完整的,多用于多阵列，通过ASM来完成冗余的环境！
1：查看FRA磁盘组中failgroup信息及磁盘状态

    SQL> select name,path,failgroup,mount_status from v$asm_disk where group_number=2;   
      
    NAME                 PATH                 FAILGROUP  MOUNT_STATUS   
    -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------------------   
    FRA_0003             /dev/asm-disk7       FG2        CACHED   
    FRA_0002             /dev/asm-disk6       FG2        CACHED   
    FRA_0000             /dev/asm-disk4       FG1        CACHED   
    FRA_0001             /dev/asm-disk5       FG1        CACHED  

2：在rdbms实例中创建表空间，建表并插入数据，收集表统计信息

    SQL> create tablespace test01 datafile '+FRA';   
    Tablespace created.   
      
    ASMCMD> pwd   
    +fra/db/datafile   
    ASMCMD> ls   
    TEST01.256.800622493   
      
    SQL> create table t1 tablespace test01 as select * from dba_objects;   
    Table created.   
      
    SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('SYS','T1');   
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.   
      
    SQL> select count(*) from t1;   
      
      COUNT(*)   
    ----------   
         74501  

3：删除udev相关规则，重启数据库实例和ASM实例，验证数据是否存在

    SQL> conn /as sysasm   
    Connected.   
    SQL> alter diskgroup fra mount;   
    alter diskgroup fra mount   
    *   
    ERROR at line 1:   
    ORA-15032: not all alterations performed   
    ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete   
    ORA-15042: ASM disk "1" is missing from group number "2"   
    ORA-15042: ASM disk "0" is missing from group number "2"   
      
    SQL> alter diskgroup fra mount force;   
    Diskgroup altered.   
      
    SQL> select name,path,failgroup,mount_status from v$asm_disk;   
      
    NAME       PATH                 FAILGROUP            MOUNT_STATUS   
    ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------   
    FRA_0000                        FG1                  MISSING   
    FRA_0001                        FG1                  MISSING   
    FRA_0002   /dev/asm-disk6       FG2                  CACHED   
    FRA_0003   /dev/asm-disk7       FG2                  CACHED   
    DATA_0000  /dev/asm-disk1       DATA_0000            CACHED   
    DATA_0002  /dev/asm-disk2       DATA_0002            CACHED   
    DATA_0001  /dev/asm-disk3       DATA_0001            CACHED   
    7 rows selected.   
      
    SQL> conn /as sysdba   
    Connected.   
    SQL> select count(*) from t1;   
      
      COUNT(*)   
    ----------   
         74501  

五：删除ASM磁盘组，默认磁盘故障条件下，经过12960秒即3.6个小时后自动删除；删除磁盘组之前需要保证无数据存放在磁盘组上且无到该磁盘组的active连接

    [grid@localhost ~]$ tail -f /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM/trace/alert_+ASM.log    
    ORA-15062: ASM disk is globally closed   
    Thu Nov 29 12:00:53 2012   
    WARNING: Disk 0 (FRA_0000) in group 2 will be dropped in: (12960) secs on ASM inst 1   
    WARNING: Disk 1 (FRA_0001) in group 2 will be dropped in: (12960) secs on ASM inst 1   
    Thu Nov 29 12:00:58 2012   
      
    asm实例：   
    SQL> select path,name,repair_timer from v$asm_disk where group_number=2;   
      
    PATH                 NAME       REPAIR_TIMER   
    -------------------- ---------- ------------   
                         FRA_0000          12960   
                         FRA_0001          12960   
    /dev/asm-disk6       FRA_0002              0   
    /dev/asm-disk7       FRA_0003              0   
      
    SQL> alter diskgroup fra online disk 'FRA_0000';   
    Diskgroup altered.   
      
    SQL> alter diskgroup fra online disk 'FRA_0001';   
    Diskgroup altered.   
      
    SQL> select name,path,failgroup,mount_status from v$asm_disk;   
      
    NAME       PATH                 FAILGROUP            MOUNT_STATUS   
    ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------   
    FRA_0002   /dev/asm-disk6       FG2                  CACHED   
    FRA_0003   /dev/asm-disk7       FG2                  CACHED   
    DATA_0000  /dev/asm-disk1       DATA_0000            CACHED   
    DATA_0002  /dev/asm-disk2       DATA_0002            CACHED   
    DATA_0001  /dev/asm-disk3       DATA_0001            CACHED   
    FRA_0001   /dev/asm-disk5       FG1                  CACHED   
    FRA_0000   /dev/asm-disk4       FG1                  CACHED   
      
    SQL> drop diskgroup fra;   
    drop diskgroup fra   
    *   
    ERROR at line 1:   
    ORA-15039: diskgroup not dropped   
    ORA-15053: diskgroup "FRA" contains existing files   
      
    rdbms实例：   
    SQL> drop tablespace test01 including contents;   
    Tablespace dropped.   
      
    SQL> shutdown immediate   
    Database closed.   
    Database dismounted.   
    ORACLE instance shut down.   
      
    asm实例：   
    SQL> drop diskgroup fra including contents;   
    Diskgroup dropped.   
      
    rdbms实例：   
    SQL> startup   
    ORACLE instance started.   
      
    Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes   
    Fixed Size                  1344652 bytes   
    Variable Size             192940916 bytes   
    Database Buffers          113246208 bytes   
    Redo Buffers                6328320 bytes   
    Database mounted.   
    Database opened. 

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