利用Unity怎么制作一个自定义字体

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Unity支持自定义图片字体（CustomFont），网上有很多教程，细节不尽相同，当概括起来基本就是两种方式。一是使用BMFont，导出图集和.fnt文件，再使用图集在Unity中设置得到字体。二是不用BMFont，使用Unity自带的Sprite类似图集的功能。两种方式原理相同，只是手段有区别。

需要知道的信息是贴图中每一个字符对应的ASCII码（例如0的ASCII码为48）与该字符在图集中对应的位置（0为x:0;y:0;w:55;h:76）。然后在Unity中创建材质和CustomFont并根据信息进行设置。

最后得到字体。

两种方式的区别仅在于第一步中如何得到图集的信息。具体的：

对于第一种使用BMFont的方式，目的是得到.fnt文件，实际上是xml格式文件。具体的信息为：

BMFont的使用方法不再详述。得到图集个fnt文件后，网上一般的方法是手动计算在Unity中的参数，有些繁琐，在这里写一个Editor脚本来自动完成这个过程。直接上代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using UnityEditor;
using UnityEngine;
 
public class CreateFontFromFnt : EditorWindow
{
    [MenuItem("Tools/创建字体(Fnt)")]
    static void DoIt()
    {
        GetWindow<CreateFontFromFnt>("创建字体");
    }
    private string fontName;
    private string fontPath;
    private Texture2D tex;
    private string fntFilePath;
 
    private void OnGUI()
    {
        GUILayout.BeginVertical();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        GUILayout.Label("字体名称：");
        fontName = EditorGUILayout.TextField(fontName);
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        GUILayout.Label("字体图片：");
        tex = (Texture2D)EditorGUILayout.ObjectField(tex, typeof(Texture2D), true);
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        if (GUILayout.Button(string.IsNullOrEmpty(fontPath) ? "选择路径" : fontPath))
        {
            fontPath = EditorUtility.OpenFolderPanel("字体路径", Application.dataPath, "");
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fontPath))
            {
                Debug.Log("取消选择路径");
            }
            else
            {
                fontPath = fontPath.Replace(Application.dataPath, "") + "/";
            }
        }
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        if (GUILayout.Button(string.IsNullOrEmpty(fntFilePath) ? "选择fnt文件" : fntFilePath))
        {
            fntFilePath = EditorUtility.OpenFilePanelWithFilters("选择fnt文件", Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop), new string[] { "", "fnt" });
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fntFilePath))
            {
                Debug.Log("取消选择路径");
            }
        }
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        if (GUILayout.Button("创建"))
        {
            Create();
        }
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.EndVertical();
    }
 
    private void Create()
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fntFilePath))
        {
            Debug.LogError("fnt为空");
            return;
        }
        if (tex == null)
        {
            Debug.LogError("字体图片为空");
            return;
        }
 
        string fontSettingPath = fontPath + fontName + ".fontsettings";
        string matPath = fontPath + fontName + ".mat";
        if (File.Exists(Application.dataPath + fontSettingPath))
        {
            Debug.LogErrorFormat("已存在同名字体文件:{0}", fontSettingPath);
            return;
        }
        if (File.Exists(Application.dataPath + matPath))
        {
            Debug.LogErrorFormat("已存在同名字体材质:{0}", matPath);
            return;
        }
        var list = new List<CharacterInfo>();
        XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
        var content = File.ReadAllText(fntFilePath, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
        xmlDoc.LoadXml(content);
        var nodelist = xmlDoc.SelectNodes("font/chars/char");
        foreach (XmlElement item in nodelist)
        {
            CharacterInfo info = new CharacterInfo();
            var id = int.Parse(item.GetAttribute("id"));
            var x = float.Parse(item.GetAttribute("x"));
            var y = float.Parse(item.GetAttribute("y"));
            var width = float.Parse(item.GetAttribute("width"));
            var height = float.Parse(item.GetAttribute("height"));
 
            info.index = id;
            //纹理映射，上下翻转
            info.uvBottomLeft = new Vector2(x / tex.width, 1 - (y + height) / tex.height);
            info.uvBottomRight = new Vector2((x + width) / tex.width, 1 - (y + height) / tex.height);
            info.uvTopLeft = new Vector2(x / tex.width, 1 - y / tex.height);
            info.uvTopRight = new Vector2((x + width) / tex.width, 1 - y / tex.height);
 
            info.minX = 0;
            info.maxX = (int)width;
            info.minY = -(int)height / 2;
            info.maxY = (int)height / 2;
            info.advance = (int)width;
 
            list.Add(info);
        }
 
        Material mat = new Material(Shader.Find("GUI/Text Shader"));
        mat.SetTexture("_MainTex", tex);
        Font m_myFont = new Font();
        m_myFont.material = mat;
        AssetDatabase.CreateAsset(mat, "Assets" + matPath);
        AssetDatabase.CreateAsset(m_myFont, "Assets" + fontSettingPath);
        m_myFont.characterInfo = list.ToArray();
        EditorUtility.SetDirty(m_myFont);
        AssetDatabase.SaveAssets();
        AssetDatabase.Refresh();
        Debug.Log("创建成功！");
    }
}
使用起来很简单：

代码也没什么可深究的，目的是代替手动计算，只是在纹理映射的时候有一个小坑。

第二种方式使用Unity中的Sprite。Unity支持把一个Sprite切割成多个。可以用这种方式代替BMFont导出的fnt文件。需要手动做的工作是将图集的TextureType设置为Sprite，然后把SpriteMode设为Multiple，打开SpriteEditor，对图片进行切割。Slice就基本可以完成这个工作，如果需要再手动微调一下。

一张图按照字符的位置分割成了10个Sprite。然后选中每一个Sprite把Name设置成字符对应的ASCII码。这样第一种方法里fnt文件包含的信息基本都包含在这个“图集”里了。同样写一个Editor脚本把这些信息写入到CustomFont里面，并不用手动去创建。

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEditor;
using System.IO;
 
public class CreateFont : EditorWindow
{
    [MenuItem("Tools/创建字体(sprite)")]
    public static void Open()
    {
        GetWindow<CreateFont>("创建字体");
    }
 
    private Texture2D tex;
    private string fontName;
    private string fontPath;
 
    private void OnGUI()
    {
        GUILayout.BeginVertical();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        GUILayout.Label("字体图片：");
        tex = (Texture2D)EditorGUILayout.ObjectField(tex, typeof(Texture2D), true);
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        GUILayout.Label("字体名称：");
        fontName = EditorGUILayout.TextField(fontName);
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        if (GUILayout.Button(string.IsNullOrEmpty(fontPath) ? "选择路径" : fontPath))
        {
            fontPath = EditorUtility.OpenFolderPanel("字体路径", Application.dataPath, "");
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fontPath))
            {
                Debug.Log("取消选择路径");
            }
            else
            {
                fontPath = fontPath.Replace(Application.dataPath, "") + "/";
            }
        }
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.BeginHorizontal();
        if (GUILayout.Button("创建"))
        {
            Create();
        }
        GUILayout.EndHorizontal();
 
        GUILayout.EndVertical();
    }
 
    private void Create()
    {
        if (tex == null)
        {
            Debug.LogWarning("创建失败，图片为空！");
            return;
        }
 
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fontPath))
        {
            Debug.LogWarning("字体路径为空！");
            return;
        }
        if (fontName == null)
        {
            Debug.LogWarning("创建失败，字体名称为空！");
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            if (File.Exists(Application.dataPath + fontPath + fontName + ".fontsettings"))
            {
                Debug.LogError("创建失败，已存在同名字体文件");
                return;
            }
            if (File.Exists(Application.dataPath + fontPath + fontName + ".mat"))
            {
                Debug.LogError("创建失败，已存在同名字体材质文件");
                return;
            }
        }
 
        string selectionPath = AssetDatabase.GetAssetPath(tex);
        if (selectionPath.Contains("/Resources/"))
        {
            string selectionExt = Path.GetExtension(selectionPath);
            if (selectionExt.Length == 0)
            {
                Debug.LogError("创建失败！");
                return;
            }
           
            string fontPathName = fontPath + fontName + ".fontsettings";
            string matPathName = fontPath + fontName + ".mat";
            float lineSpace = 0.1f;
            //string loadPath = selectionPath.Remove(selectionPath.Length - selectionExt.Length).Replace("Assets/Resources/", "");
            string loadPath = selectionPath.Replace(selectionExt, "").Substring(selectionPath.IndexOf("/Resources/") + "/Resources/".Length);
            Sprite[] sprites = Resources.LoadAll<Sprite>(loadPath);
            if (sprites.Length > 0)
            {
                Material mat = new Material(Shader.Find("GUI/Text Shader"));
                mat.SetTexture("_MainTex", tex);
                Font m_myFont = new Font();
                m_myFont.material = mat;
                CharacterInfo[] characterInfo = new CharacterInfo[sprites.Length];
                for (int i = 0; i < sprites.Length; i++)
                {
                    if (sprites[i].rect.height > lineSpace)
                    {
                        lineSpace = sprites[i].rect.height;
                    }
                }
                for (int i = 0; i < sprites.Length; i++)
                {
                    Sprite spr = sprites[i];
                    CharacterInfo info = new CharacterInfo();
                    try
                    {
                        info.index = System.Convert.ToInt32(spr.name);
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        Debug.LogError("创建失败，Sprite名称错误！");
                        return;
                    }
                    Rect rect = spr.rect;
                    float pivot = spr.pivot.y / rect.height - 0.5f;
                    if (pivot > 0)
                    {
                        pivot = -lineSpace / 2 - spr.pivot.y;
                    }
                    else if (pivot < 0)
                    {
                        pivot = -lineSpace / 2 + rect.height - spr.pivot.y;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        pivot = -lineSpace / 2;
                    }
                    int offsetY = (int)(pivot + (lineSpace - rect.height) / 2);
                    info.uvBottomLeft = new Vector2((float)rect.x / tex.width, (float)(rect.y) / tex.height);
                    info.uvBottomRight = new Vector2((float)(rect.x + rect.width) / tex.width, (float)(rect.y) / tex.height);
                    info.uvTopLeft = new Vector2((float)rect.x / tex.width, (float)(rect.y + rect.height) / tex.height);
                    info.uvTopRight = new Vector2((float)(rect.x + rect.width) / tex.width, (float)(rect.y + rect.height) / tex.height);
                    info.minX = 0;
                    info.minY = -(int)rect.height - offsetY;
                    info.maxX = (int)rect.width;
                    info.maxY = -offsetY;
                    info.advance = (int)rect.width;
                    characterInfo[i] = info;
                }
                AssetDatabase.CreateAsset(mat, "Assets" + matPathName);
                AssetDatabase.CreateAsset(m_myFont, "Assets" + fontPathName);
                m_myFont.characterInfo = characterInfo;
                EditorUtility.SetDirty(m_myFont);
                AssetDatabase.SaveAssets();
                AssetDatabase.Refresh();//刷新资源
                Debug.Log("创建字体成功");
 
            }
            else
            {
                Debug.LogError("图集错误！");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Debug.LogError("创建失败,选择的图片不在Resources文件夹内！");
        }
    }
}

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