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本文主要给大家介绍Mysql5.5版本的一主多从配置讲义，希望可以给大家补充和更新些知识，如有其它问题需要了解的可以持续在亿速云行业资讯里面关注我的更新文章的。
1）实验拓扑信息
mysql版本：5.5.32（基于源代码安装）
系统版本：CentOS6.7
10.10.10.129: mysql的主云服务器
10.10.10.130: mysql的从服务器
目的：
本地主从：
10.10.10.129 3306 --> 10.10.10.10.129 3307
异地主从：
10.10.10.129 3306 --> 10.10.10.10.130 3306
2）主库上的配置
a、准备mysql的测试环境
先准备好mysql多实例环境，之前我已经写过博客，这里就不重复了，可以参考http://molewan.blog.51cto.com/287340/1860198
b、在主库（10.10.10.129）上开启binlog记录功能
# grep server-id /data/3306/my.cnf server-id = 1 # grep server-id /data/3307/my.cnf server-id = 3 # grep log-bin /data/3306/my.cnf log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin
登陆数据库进行查看：
# mysql -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 mysql> show variables like 'log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
c、建立用于主从复制的账号
# mysql -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'10.10.10.%' identified by 'redhat12345'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+------------+ | user | host | +------+------------+ | wan | % | | rep | 10.10.10.% | | wan | 10.10.10.% | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | | C67-X64-A8 | | root | C67-X64-A8 | | | localhost | | root | localhost | +------+------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user where user='rep'; +------+------------+ | user | host | +------+------------+ | rep | 10.10.10.% | +------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
d、实现对主数据库锁表只读（当前窗口不要关闭）
mysql> flush table with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 重新打开一个窗口，锁表后查看主库状态： # mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 337 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
e、使用mysqldump进行数据库备份：
# mysqldump -uroot -p'redhat12345' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock --events -A -B |gzip >/mysqlback/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz # echo $? 0 # ls -l /mysqlback/ 总用量 144 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 144402 10月 9 02:54 mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # du -sh /mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz 144K/mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz 为了确保导出数据期间，数据库没有数据插入，导库完毕可以再次检查主库状态信息 # mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -predhat12345 -e "show master status" +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 337 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
f、导出数据完毕后，解锁主库，恢复可写
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
3）从库上的配置
a、10.10.10.129 3307数据库上的配置
# cd /mysqlback/ # ls mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # gzip -d mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # ls mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # mysql -uroot -p'redhat12345' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock </mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # echo $? 0 # mysql -uroot -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -p'redhat12345'<<EOF change master to master_host='10.10.10.129', master_port=3306, master_user='rep', master_password='redhat12345', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004', master_log_pos=337; EOF mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.10.10.129 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_Space: 403 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
主从复制是否成功，最关键的为下面的3项状态参数：
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running|_Behind_Master" Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
b、10.10.10.130 3306数据库上的配置
# mkdir -p /mysqlback/ # scp /mysqlbackup/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz 10.10.10.130:/mysqlback # gzip -d mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql.gz # ls mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # mysql -uroot -p'redhat12345' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock </mysqlback/mysql_bak.2016-10-09.sql # echo $? 0 # mysql -uroot -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -p'redhat12345'<<EOF change master to master_host='10.10.10.129', master_port=3306, master_user='rep', master_password='redhat12345', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004', master_log_pos=337; EOF mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.10.10.129 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 337 Relay_Log_Space: 403 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
在10.10.10.130服务器上检查
主从复制是否成功，最关键的为下面的3项状态参数：
# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|egrep "IO_Running|SQL_Running|_Behind_Master" Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
4）mysql主从同步测试
在10.10.10.129上查看数据库：
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh610 | +--------------------+ [root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh610 | +--------------------+
在10.10.10.130上查看数据库：
[root@mysql-slave mysqlbackup]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh610 | +--------------------+
通过对比，可以发现，数据库完全一致，然后我们在主库上新建一个blog的数据库
[root@mysql-master mysqlback]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | blog | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh610 | +--------------------+ [root@mysql-slave mysqlbackup]# mysql -uroot -predhat12345 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | blog | | dawnpro | | eip | | ems | | hangzhou_dawnpro | | mysql | | performance_schema | | wh610 | +--------------------+ 主从同步到此完成
5）注意事项
1）master与slave中的server-id要保持唯一 2）备份导出前要使用“flush table with read lock;”让数据库锁表只读，并且这个窗口不要关闭 3）slave上要start slave；接收信息 4）master与slave时间要保持一致
看了以上关于Mysql5.5版本的一主多从配置讲义，希望能给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助。本文由于篇幅有限，难免会有不足和需要补充的地方，如有需要更加专业的解答，可在官网联系我们的24小时售前售后，随时帮您解答问题的。
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