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# 适合Java初学者的简单编程算法题有哪些
## 目录
1. [为什么初学者需要练习算法](#为什么初学者需要练习算法)
2. [基础输入输出练习](#基础输入输出练习)
3. [条件分支结构题目](#条件分支结构题目)
4. [循环结构经典题目](#循环结构经典题目)
5. [数组操作基础题目](#数组操作基础题目)
6. [字符串处理入门题](#字符串处理入门题)
7. [简单数学计算问题](#简单数学计算问题)
8. [初级递归练习题](#初级递归练习题)
9. [面向对象基础实践](#面向对象基础实践)
10. [常见错误与调试技巧](#常见错误与调试技巧)
11. [学习资源推荐](#学习资源推荐)
## 为什么初学者需要练习算法
对于Java初学者而言,算法练习是培养编程思维的重要途径。通过解决算法问题,学习者能够:
1. **巩固语法基础**:将书本上的语法知识转化为实际解决问题的能力
2. **培养逻辑思维**:学会将复杂问题分解为可执行的步骤
3. **提高调试能力**:通过错误分析理解程序执行流程
4. **建立编程信心**:从小问题入手逐步建立解决复杂问题的信心
> "算法不是高级程序员的专利,而是每个开发者都应该掌握的基本技能。" - 《算法导论》
## 基础输入输出练习
### 1. Hello World 扩展版
```java
public class HelloYou {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("请输入你的名字: ");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("你好, " + name + "!");
}
}
public class SimpleCalculator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入第一个数字: ");
double num1 = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("输入第二个数字: ");
double num2 = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.println("两数之和为: " + (num1 + num2));
}
}
public class TemperatureConverter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入华氏温度: ");
double fahrenheit = scanner.nextDouble();
double celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9;
System.out.printf("摄氏温度为: %.2f", celsius);
}
}
public class OddEven {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个整数: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
if(number % 2 == 0) {
System.out.println(number + " 是偶数");
} else {
System.out.println(number + " 是奇数");
}
}
}
public class GradeEvaluator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入成绩(0-100): ");
int score = scanner.nextInt();
if(score >= 90) {
System.out.println("A");
} else if(score >= 80) {
System.out.println("B");
} else if(score >= 70) {
System.out.println("C");
} else if(score >= 60) {
System.out.println("D");
} else {
System.out.println("E");
}
}
}
public class LeapYearChecker {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入年份: ");
int year = scanner.nextInt();
boolean isLeap = (year % 400 == 0) ||
(year % 100 != 0 && year % 4 == 0);
System.out.println(year + (isLeap ? " 是闰年" : " 不是闰年"));
}
}
public class NumberAccumulator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个正整数: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
sum += i;
}
System.out.println("1到" + n + "的和为: " + sum);
}
}
public class MultiplicationTable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入要生成的乘法表阶数: ");
int size = scanner.nextInt();
for(int i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
for(int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.printf("%d×%d=%-2d ", j, i, i*j);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
public class PrimeChecker {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个整数: ");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
boolean isPrime = true;
if(number <= 1) {
isPrime = false;
} else {
for(int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(number); i++) {
if(number % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
}
System.out.println(number + (isPrime ? " 是质数" : " 不是质数"));
}
}
public class ArrayMaxFinder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {12, 45, 67, 23, 9, 54};
int max = numbers[0];
for(int i = 1; i < numbers.length; i++) {
if(numbers[i] > max) {
max = numbers[i];
}
}
System.out.println("数组中的最大值是: " + max);
}
}
public class ArrayReverser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] original = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int[] reversed = new int[original.length];
for(int i = 0; i < original.length; i++) {
reversed[i] = original[original.length - 1 - i];
}
System.out.println("反转后的数组: " + Arrays.toString(reversed));
}
}
public class BubbleSorter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};
for(int i = 0; i < numbers.length-1; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < numbers.length-i-1; j++) {
if(numbers[j] > numbers[j+1]) {
// 交换相邻元素
int temp = numbers[j];
numbers[j] = numbers[j+1];
numbers[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
System.out.println("排序后的数组: " + Arrays.toString(numbers));
}
}
public class StringReverser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个字符串: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();
StringBuilder reversed = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = input.length()-1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed.append(input.charAt(i));
}
System.out.println("反转后的字符串: " + reversed);
}
}
public class PalindromeChecker {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个字符串: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();
boolean isPalindrome = true;
for(int i = 0; i < input.length()/2; i++) {
if(input.charAt(i) != input.charAt(input.length()-1-i)) {
isPalindrome = false;
break;
}
}
System.out.println(input + (isPalindrome ? " 是回文" : " 不是回文"));
}
}
public class VowelCounter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个字符串: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine().toLowerCase();
int vowelCount = 0;
for(char c : input.toCharArray()) {
if(c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u') {
vowelCount++;
}
}
System.out.println("字符串中包含 " + vowelCount + " 个元音字母");
}
}
public class FactorialCalculator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个非负整数: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
long factorial = 1;
for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
factorial *= i;
}
System.out.println(n + "! = " + factorial);
}
}
public class FibonacciGenerator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入要生成的项数: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int a = 0, b = 1;
System.out.print("斐波那契数列: ");
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
System.out.print(a + " ");
int next = a + b;
a = b;
b = next;
}
}
}
public class GCDCalculator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入第一个数字: ");
int num1 = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("输入第二个数字: ");
int num2 = scanner.nextInt();
// 使用欧几里得算法
while(num2 != 0) {
int temp = num2;
num2 = num1 % num2;
num1 = temp;
}
System.out.println("最大公约数是: " + num1);
}
}
public class RecursiveFactorial {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入一个非负整数: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println(n + "! = " + factorial(n));
}
public static long factorial(int n) {
if(n <= 1) return 1;
return n * factorial(n-1);
}
}
public class RecursiveFibonacci {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("输入要计算的项数: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("第" + n + "项斐波那契数是: " + fibonacci(n));
}
public static int fibonacci(int n) {
if(n <= 1) return n;
return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2);
}
}
public class RecursiveSum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
System.out.println("数组元素和为: " + sum(numbers, 0));
}
public static int sum(int[] arr, int index) {
if(index == arr.length) return 0;
return arr[index] + sum(arr, index + 1);
}
}
public class BankAccount {
private String accountNumber;
private double balance;
public BankAccount(String accountNumber) {
this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
this.balance = 0.0;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
if(amount > 0) {
balance += amount;
}
}
public void withdraw(double amount) {
if(amount > 0 && amount <= balance) {
balance -= amount;
}
}
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
}
// 测试类
public class BankTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BankAccount account = new BankAccount("123456789");
account.deposit(1000);
account.withdraw(500);
System.out.println("账户余额: " + account.getBalance());
}
}
public class Student {
private String name;
private int[] grades;
public Student(String name, int subjectCount) {
this.name = name;
this.grades = new int[subjectCount];
}
public void setGrade(int subjectIndex, int grade) {
if(subjectIndex >= 0 && subjectIndex < grades.length) {
grades[subjectIndex] = grade;
}
}
public double getAverage() {
int sum = 0;
for(int grade : grades) {
sum += grade;
}
return (double)sum / grades.length;
}
}
// 测试类
public class StudentTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student("张三", 3);
student.setGrade(0, 85);
student.setGrade(1, 90);
student.setGrade(2, 78);
System.out.println("平均成绩: " + student.getAverage());
}
}
public class Book {
private String title;
private String author;
private boolean isBorrowed;
public Book(String title, String author) {
this.title = title;
this.author = author;
this.isBorrowed = false;
}
public void borrow() {
if(!isBorrowed) {
isBorrowed = true;
}
}
public void returnBook() {
if(isBorrowed) {
isBorrowed = false;
}
}
public String getStatus() {
return title + " by " + author + " - " +
(isBorrowed ? "已借出" : "可借阅");
}
}
// 测试类
public class LibraryTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Book book = new Book("Java编程思想", "Bruce Eckel");
System.out.println(book.getStatus());
book.borrow();
System.out.println(book.getStatus());
book.returnBook();
System.out.println(book.getStatus());
}
}
语法错误
逻辑错误
运行时错误
使用打印语句
System.out.println("调试信息: 变量值=" + variable);
使用IDE调试器
代码审查
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