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本篇内容主要讲解“java两个线程对变量进行加1操作实例分析”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“java两个线程对变量进行加1操作实例分析”吧!
1--错误的常规写法
public static int i=0;public static void add(){i=i+1;action();}public static void action(){System.out.println("==>"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+i);}public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {Thread t1 = new Thread(SysUserServiceImpl::add,"t1");Thread t2= new Thread(SysUserServiceImpl::add,"t2");t1.start();t2.start();}运行结果==>==>t1:1==>t2:2==>t1:2==>t2:1==>t1:2==>t2:2
每次运行结果不一致,多线程环境下,t1对共享内存中的i进行+1操作,但未将值刷新到主内存,此时恰好t2也对i取到还是0进行+1操作,使得最后结果i都为1,同理t1处理完为1,t2处理完为2。多次运行结果都不一致。
改进方法1 --同步锁
public class ThreadException {public static volatile int i=0;public static void add(){synchronized (ThreadException.class){i=i+1;action();}}public static void action(){System.out.println("==>"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+i);}public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {Thread t1 = new Thread(ThreadException::add,"t1");Thread t2= new Thread(ThreadException::add,"t2");t1.start();t2.start();}}
优点:实现简单
缺点:加锁粒度大,性能低下,分布式环境,多JVM条件,synchronized失效,synchronized 只是本地锁,锁的也只是当前jvm下的对象,在分布式场景下,要用分布式锁
改进方法2 AtomicInteger
public class ThreadException { private static AtomicInteger num = new AtomicInteger(0); public static void add(){ int i = num.getAndIncrement(); action(i); } public static void action(int i){ System.out.println("由"+i+"==>"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+num); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Thread t1 = new Thread(ThreadException::add,"t1"); Thread t2= new Thread(ThreadException::add,"t2"); t1.start(); t2.start(); }}
改进方法3 lock
public class ThreadException {public static volatile int i=0;public static void action(){System.out.println("==>"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+i);}static Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();public static void inc() {lock.lock();try {Thread.sleep(1);i=i+1;action();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {lock.unlock();}}public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {Thread t1 = new Thread(ThreadException::inc,"t1");Thread t2= new Thread(ThreadException::inc,"t2");t1.start();t2.start();}}
分布式锁:保证多个节点同步执行
实现方案:1。基于数据库,2.基于redis缓存,3.基于zookeeper
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