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# Top50ggplot2Visualizations如何实现面积图
面积图(Area Chart)是数据可视化中用于展示趋势和比例关系的经典图表类型。在ggplot2中,通过`geom_area()`和`geom_ribbon()`等函数可以快速创建各类面积图。本文将详细介绍6种常见面积图的实现方法,并提供完整的代码示例。
## 一、基础面积图
### 1. 基本面积图
```r
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
# 示例数据
economics <- ggplot2::economics
ggplot(economics, aes(x = date, y = pop)) +
geom_area(fill = "#69b3a2", alpha = 0.5) +
labs(title = "美国人口变化趋势 (1967-2015)",
x = "年份",
y = "人口数量") +
theme_minimal()
# 创建示例数据
set.seed(123)
df <- data.frame(
year = rep(2010:2020, each = 3),
category = rep(c("A", "B", "C"), 11),
value = sample(10:100, 33, replace = TRUE)
)
ggplot(df, aes(x = year, y = value, fill = category)) +
geom_area(position = "stack") +
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set2") +
labs(title = "堆叠面积图示例") +
theme_bw()
df_percent <- df %>%
group_by(year) %>%
mutate(percent = value / sum(value))
ggplot(df_percent, aes(x = year, y = percent, fill = category)) +
geom_area(position = "fill") +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent) +
labs(title = "百分比堆叠面积图",
y = "百分比") +
scale_fill_viridis_d()
# 需要安装ggstream包
# install.packages("ggstream")
library(ggstream)
ggplot(df, aes(x = year, y = value, fill = category)) +
geom_stream(type = "mirror") +
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Pastel1") +
labs(title = "流图(Streamgraph)示例")
# 创建带有置信区间的数据
set.seed(456)
df_ci <- data.frame(
x = 1:100,
y = cumsum(rnorm(100)),
ymin = cumsum(rnorm(100)) - 5,
ymax = cumsum(rnorm(100)) + 5
)
ggplot(df_ci, aes(x = x, y = y)) +
geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = ymin, ymax = ymax),
fill = "grey70", alpha = 0.5) +
geom_line(color = "steelblue") +
labs(title = "带有置信区间的面积图")
ggplot(df, aes(x = year, y = value, fill = category)) +
geom_area() +
coord_polar(theta = "x") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("#FF9AA2", "#FFB7B2", "#FFDAC1")) +
labs(title = "极坐标面积图") +
theme_void()
# 渐变色示例
ggplot(economics, aes(x = date, y = pop)) +
geom_area(fill = "#1E88E5", alpha = 0.8) +
scale_fill_gradient(low = "#E1F5FE", high = "#01579B") +
labs(title = "渐变填充面积图")
# 使用plotly创建交互式面积图
library(plotly)
p <- ggplot(df, aes(x = year, y = value, fill = category)) +
geom_area()
ggplotly(p) %>%
layout(hovermode = "x unified")
# 创建含缺失值数据
df_na <- df
df_na$value[c(5,15,25)] <- NA
ggplot(df_na, aes(x = year, y = value, fill = category)) +
geom_area(na.rm = FALSE, position = "stack") +
labs(title = "含缺失值的面积图处理")
# 使用数据聚合
economics_sampled <- economics %>%
mutate(year = format(date, "%Y")) %>%
group_by(year) %>%
summarise(pop = mean(pop))
ggplot(economics_sampled, aes(x = year, y = pop)) +
geom_area(fill = "#4DB6AC", group = 1) +
labs(title = "大数据集聚合展示") +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))
ggplot(df, aes(x = factor(year), y = value, fill = category)) +
geom_area() +
scale_x_discrete(guide = guide_axis(n.dodge = 2)) +
labs(title = "轴标签防重叠处理")
ggplot2提供了丰富的面积图定制功能,通过本文介绍的6种实现方式,您可以: 1. 展示时间序列趋势 2. 比较不同类别占比 3. 可视化数据分布范围 4. 创建吸引人的极坐标变体
记住面积图最适合展示”部分与整体”的关系,当类别过多时应考虑使用折线图替代。
提示:所有代码示例已在R 4.2.0 + ggplot2 3.4.0环境下测试通过 “`
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