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# Python中Socket多线程实现客户端与服务器连接
## 目录
1. [Socket编程基础](#socket编程基础)
2. [多线程技术概述](#多线程技术概述)
3. [单线程Socket通信的局限性](#单线程socket通信的局限性)
4. [多线程Socket服务器实现](#多线程socket服务器实现)
5. [客户端实现与交互](#客户端实现与交互)
6. [线程同步与资源管理](#线程同步与资源管理)
7. [实战案例:多线程聊天室](#实战案例多线程聊天室)
8. [性能优化与注意事项](#性能优化与注意事项)
9. [常见问题与解决方案](#常见问题与解决方案)
---
## Socket编程基础
### 什么是Socket
Socket是网络通信的端点,它允许不同主机或同一主机上的不同进程之间进行数据交换。在Python中,通过`socket`模块可以快速实现网络通信。
```python
import socket
# 创建TCP socket
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
Python通过threading
模块实现多线程编程:
import threading
def worker():
print("Thread is working")
t = threading.Thread(target=worker)
t.start()
accept()
和recv()
上# 服务器端示例
server_socket.bind(('localhost', 8888))
server_socket.listen(5)
while True:
client_socket, addr = server_socket.accept() # 阻塞点
data = client_socket.recv(1024) # 另一个阻塞点
# 处理请求...
client_socket.close()
graph TD
A[主线程] -->|接受连接| B[客户端1]
A -->|接受连接| C[客户端2]
B --> D[线程1]
C --> E[线程2]
import socket
import threading
class ThreadedServer:
def __init__(self, host, port):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.server_socket.bind((self.host, self.port))
def listen(self):
self.server_socket.listen(5)
print(f"Server listening on {self.host}:{self.port}")
while True:
client_socket, addr = self.server_socket.accept()
print(f"Accepted connection from {addr}")
# 为每个客户端创建新线程
client_thread = threading.Thread(
target=self.handle_client,
args=(client_socket, addr)
)
client_thread.daemon = True
client_thread.start()
def handle_client(self, client_socket, addr):
try:
while True:
data = client_socket.recv(1024)
if not data:
break
print(f"Received from {addr}: {data.decode()}")
response = f"Echo: {data.decode()}"
client_socket.send(response.encode())
finally:
client_socket.close()
print(f"Connection with {addr} closed")
if __name__ == "__main__":
server = ThreadedServer('localhost', 8888)
server.listen()
import socket
def client_program():
host = 'localhost'
port = 8888
client_socket = socket.socket()
client_socket.connect((host, port))
message = input(" -> ")
while message.lower().strip() != 'bye':
client_socket.send(message.encode())
data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode()
print(f"Received from server: {data}")
message = input(" -> ")
client_socket.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
client_program()
可以使用以下命令同时启动多个客户端:
# 终端1
python client.py
# 终端2
python client.py
# 终端3
python client.py
当多个线程需要访问共享数据时(如在线聊天室的用户列表),需要使用锁机制:
from threading import Lock
class SharedData:
def __init__(self):
self.clients = {}
self.lock = Lock()
def add_client(self, name, socket):
with self.lock:
self.clients[name] = socket
def remove_client(self, name):
with self.lock:
del self.clients[name]
使用concurrent.futures
线程池管理:
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
while True:
client_socket, addr = server_socket.accept()
executor.submit(handle_client, client_socket, addr)
def handle_client(self, client_socket, addr):
username = None
try:
username = client_socket.recv(1024).decode()
self.broadcast(f"{username} joined the chat!")
while True:
message = client_socket.recv(1024).decode()
if message.startswith("/pm"):
# 处理私聊逻辑
self.send_private(message, username)
else:
self.broadcast(f"{username}: {message}")
except:
if username:
self.remove_client(username)
self.broadcast(f"{username} left the chat")
finally:
client_socket.close()
client_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 8192)
client_socket.settimeout(60.0)
try:
data = client_socket.recv(1024)
if not data: # 客户端正常关闭
raise ConnectionError("Client disconnected")
except ConnectionResetError:
print("Client forcibly closed the connection")
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
本文详细介绍了Python中使用多线程实现Socket服务器的方法,包括: - 基础Socket通信原理 - 多线程服务器的架构设计 - 线程同步与资源管理 - 实战聊天室案例 - 性能优化技巧
完整代码示例已包含在文中,读者可以直接运行测试或基于此进行扩展开发。多线程Socket编程是网络应用开发的基础技能,掌握它将为开发更复杂的分布式系统奠定基础。 “`
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