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本篇内容主要讲解“Linux下怎么安装Ansible”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“Linux下怎么安装Ansible”吧!
1、yum源安装
以
为例,默认在源里没有ansible,不过在 里有ansible,配置完epel 源后,可以直接通过yum 进行安装。这里以centos6.8为例:# yum install http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # yum install ansible
2、apt-get安装
在ubuntu及其衍生版中,可以通过增加ppa源进行apt-get安装,具体如下:
$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common $ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install ansible
3、源码安装 源码安装需要python2.6以上版本,其依赖模块paramiko、PyYAML、Jinja2、httplib2、simplejson、pycrypto模块,以上模块可以通过pip或easy_install 进行安装,不过本部分既然提到的是源码安装,主要针对的无法上外网的情况下,可以通过 搜索以上包,下载后通过python setup.py install 进行安装。
最后通过
或 下载ansible源码包,通过python setup.py install 安装即可。由于安装过程相对简单,这里略过,主要介绍安装后,可能遇到的问题。a、安装PyYAML时,报错如下:
# python setup.py install libyaml is not found or a compiler error: forcing --without-libyaml (if libyaml is installed correctly, you may need to specify the option --include-dirs or uncomment and modify the parameter include_dirs in setup.cfg) running install_lib running install_egg_info Removing /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/PyYAML-3.11-py2.6.egg-info Writing /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/PyYAML-3.11-py2.6.egg-info
在centos6.8系统中,可以通过yum -y install libyaml 包解决,或者从ISO文件中提供该包,通过rpm -ivh进行安装。
b、安装完ansible是,报错如下:
[root@361way.com ansible-1.9.1]# ansible -h Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/src/ansible-devel/bin/ansible", line 36, in from ansible.runner import Runner File "/usr/local/src/ansible-devel/lib/ansible/runner/__init__.py", line 62, in from Crypto.Random import atfork File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/__init__.py", line 29, in from Crypto.Random import _UserFriendlyRNG File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/_UserFriendlyRNG.py", line 38, in from Crypto.Random.Fortuna import FortunaAccumulator File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaAccumulator.py", line 39, in import FortunaGenerator File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaGenerator.py", line 34, in from Crypto.Util.number import ceil_shift, exact_log2, exact_div File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py", line 56, in if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC'
import paramiko包时,报错如下:
>>> import paramiko Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/__init__.py", line 69, in from transport import randpool, SecurityOptions, Transport File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/transport.py", line 32, in from paramiko import util File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/util.py", line 32, in from paramiko.common import * File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/common.py", line 98, in from rng import StrongLockingRandomPool File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/paramiko/rng.py", line 22, in from Crypto.Util.randpool import RandomPool as _RandomPool File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/randpool.py", line 30, in import Crypto.Random File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/__init__.py", line 29, in from Crypto.Random import _UserFriendlyRNG File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/_UserFriendlyRNG.py", line 38, in from Crypto.Random.Fortuna import FortunaAccumulator File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaAccumulator.py", line 39, in import FortunaGenerator File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Random/Fortuna/FortunaGenerator.py", line 34, in from Crypto.Util.number import ceil_shift, exact_log2, exact_div File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py", line 56, in if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC'
经网上查找,确认为pycrypto包安装时依赖的GMP版本不对的问题,具体可以通过以下步骤验证:
[root@361way.com pycrypto-2.6.1]# python setup.py build running build running build_py running build_ext running build_configure warning: GMP or MPIR library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath.
解决方法:
打开 /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py 文件,可以 看到 56 行上的注释说明,要求 libgmp 为 v5 以上版本。而系统现有版本为 4.1.4,把以下两行暂时注释掉,Ansible 执行正常。
if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC: _warn("Not using mpz_powm_sec. You should rebuild using libgmp >= 5 to avoid timing attack vulnerability.", PowmInsecureWarning)
不过,此方法只是临时加以解决,更好的方式是去将 libgmp 升级到符合要求的版本。
c、执行时报错
[root@361way.com src]# ansible test -m raw -a 'uptime' 10.212.52.14 | FAILED => to use the 'ssh' connection type with passwords, you must install the sshpass program 10.212.52.16 | FAILED => to use the 'ssh' connection type with passwords, you must install the sshpass program
安装
。默认源里没有,我这里选择直接从sohu源里下载安装。三、Ansible的配置与验证
这里以pypi上下载的源码内有一个examles包,可以将使用该示例文件做为默认配置,具体如下:
[root@361way.com ansible-1.9.1]# mkdir -p /etc/ansible [root@361way.com ansible-1.9.1]# cp -rp examples/* /etc/ansible/ [root@361way.com ansible-1.9.1]# cd /etc/ansible/
使用默认示例配置文件后,编辑/etc/ansible/hosts文件,通过以下方式验证ansible是否可用:
[root@361way.com ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [test] 10.212.52.252 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=361way.com 10.212.52.14 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=abc123 10.212.52.16 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=91it.org
以上的配置中,我配置了一个test组,该组下有三台主机,三台都使用root验证,三台的密码分别是361way.com、abc123、91it.org 。
注:后面的用户和密码项是非必须的,在配置key认证的情况下,不使用密码也可以直接操作 。未使用key的,也可以在ansible通过 -k参数在操作前询问手动输入密码。
[root@361way.com ~]# ansible test -a 'uptime' 10.212.52.252 | success | rc=0 >> 18:01pm up 21 days 3:24, 3 users, load average: 0.39, 0.38, 0.35 10.212.52.16 | success | rc=0 >> 18:09pm up 329 days 1:01, 2 users, load average: 0.08, 0.03, 0.05 10.212.52.14 | success | rc=0 >> 18:08pm up 329 days 0:23, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.06, 0.05
到此,相信大家对“Linux下怎么安装Ansible”有了更深的了解,不妨来实际操作一番吧!这里是亿速云网站,更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询,关注我们,继续学习!
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