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本文小编为大家详细介绍“Android如何实现串口通信”,内容详细,步骤清晰,细节处理妥当,希望这篇“Android如何实现串口通信”文章能帮助大家解决疑惑,下面跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来学习新知识吧。
首先确保已经安装了NDK和CMake
然后创建一个SerialPort.java文件
主要用来处理so文件
注意包名一旦写好不要更改位置,具体代码:
import android.util.Log; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileDescriptor; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; /** * Created by abc on 2021/1/23. */ public class SerialPort { private static final String TAG = "SerialPort"; /* * Do not remove or rename the field mFd: it is used by native method close(); */ private FileDescriptor mFd; private FileInputStream mFileInputStream; private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream; public SerialPort(File device, int baudrate, int flags) throws SecurityException, IOException { if (device == null) { System.out.println("device is null"); return; } /* Check access permission */ if (!device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) { try { /* Missing read/write permission, trying to chmod the file */ Process su; su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/su"); String cmd = "chmod 777 " + device.getAbsolutePath() + "\n" + "exit\n"; su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes()); if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) { // throw new SecurityException(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); // throw new SecurityException(); } } mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate, flags); if (mFd == null) { Log.e(TAG, "native open returns null"); throw new IOException(); } mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd); mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd); } // Getters and setters public InputStream getInputStream() { return mFileInputStream; } public OutputStream getOutputStream() { return mFileOutputStream; } // JNI private native static FileDescriptor open(String path, int baudrate, int flags); public native void close(); static { System.loadLibrary("serial_port"); } }
然后clean project 再rebuild project 生成class文件,
这时候打开如下图的文件夹看是否生成了classes文件夹,没有生成请重新再试一遍。
当然你也不一定会生成compileDebugJavaWithJavac 只要javac->debug下存在classes就可以
再打开Terminal输入指令
cd app/build/intermediates/javac/debug/classes(具体位置定位到classes)
然后再输入指令
javah -jni 包名.SerialPort
注意 这里javah -jni后面跟的是 SerialPort.java 的全路径,如果javah报不存在之类的,是你的Java环境没有配置好。
这时候打开 debug/classes下面的文件发现多了一个以 .h 结尾文件
在main下创建一个jni包 将生成的.h文件复制进去
然后创建SerialPort.c文件
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <jni.h> #include <assert.h> #include <termios.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <string.h> #include <jni.h> #include 这里是生成.h文件全称(com_***_***_serialport_SerialPort.h) #include "android/log.h" static const char *TAG = "serial_port"; #define LOGI(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, fmt, ##args) #define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, TAG, fmt, ##args) #define LOGE(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG, fmt, ##args) static speed_t getBaudrate(jint baudrate) { switch(baudrate) { case 0: return B0; case 50: return B50; case 75: return B75; case 110: return B110; case 134: return B134; case 150: return B150; case 200: return B200; case 300: return B300; case 600: return B600; case 1200: return B1200; case 1800: return B1800; case 2400: return B2400; case 4800: return B4800; case 9600: return B9600; case 19200: return B19200; case 38400: return B38400; case 57600: return B57600; case 115200: return B115200; case 230400: return B230400; case 460800: return B460800; case 500000: return B500000; case 576000: return B576000; case 921600: return B921600; case 1000000: return B1000000; case 1152000: return B1152000; case 1500000: return B1500000; case 2000000: return B2000000; case 2500000: return B2500000; case 3000000: return B3000000; case 3500000: return B3500000; case 4000000: return B4000000; default: return -1; } } /* * Class: android_serialport_SerialPort * Method: open * Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;II)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor; */ //这里同样是生成.h文件全称 JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_com_***_***_serialport_SerialPort_open (JNIEnv *env, jclass thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate, jint flags) { int fd; speed_t speed; jobject mFileDescriptor; /* Check arguments */ { speed = getBaudrate(baudrate); if (speed == -1) { /* TODO: throw an exception */ LOGE("Invalid baudrate"); return NULL; } } /* Opening device */ { jboolean iscopy; const char *path_utf = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, path, &iscopy); LOGD("Opening serial port %s with flags 0x%x", path_utf, O_RDWR | flags); fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR | flags); LOGD("open() fd = %d", fd); (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, path, path_utf); if (fd == -1) { /* Throw an exception */ LOGE("Cannot open port"); /* TODO: throw an exception */ return NULL; } } /* Configure device */ { struct termios cfg; LOGD("Configuring serial port"); if (tcgetattr(fd, &cfg)) { LOGE("tcgetattr() failed"); close(fd); /* TODO: throw an exception */ return NULL; } cfmakeraw(&cfg); cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed); cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed); if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &cfg)) { LOGE("tcsetattr() failed"); close(fd); /* TODO: throw an exception */ return NULL; } } /* Create a corresponding file descriptor */ { jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor"); jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "<init>", "()V"); jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I"); mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor); (*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint)fd); } return mFileDescriptor; } /* * Class: cedric_serial_SerialPort * Method: close * Signature: ()V */ //这里同样是生成.h文件全称 JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_***_***_serialport_SerialPort_close (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz) { jclass SerialPortClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thiz); jclass FileDescriptorClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor"); jfieldID mFdID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, SerialPortClass, "mFd", "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;"); jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, FileDescriptorClass, "descriptor", "I"); jobject mFd = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thiz, mFdID); jint descriptor = (*env)->GetIntField(env, mFd, descriptorID); LOGD("close(fd = %d)", descriptor); close(descriptor); }
termios.h 具体代码:
#ifndef _TERMIOS_H_ #define _TERMIOS_H_ #include <sys/cdefs.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <linux/termios.h> __BEGIN_DECLS /* Redefine these to match their ioctl number */ #undef TCSANOW #define TCSANOW TCSETS #undef TCSADRAIN #define TCSADRAIN TCSETSW #undef TCSAFLUSH #define TCSAFLUSH TCSETSF static __inline__ int tcgetattr(int fd, struct termios *s) { return ioctl(fd, TCGETS, s); } static __inline__ int tcsetattr(int fd, int __opt, const struct termios *s) { return ioctl(fd, __opt, (void *)s); } static __inline__ int tcflow(int fd, int action) { return ioctl(fd, TCXONC, (void *)(intptr_t)action); } static __inline__ int tcflush(int fd, int __queue) { return ioctl(fd, TCFLSH, (void *)(intptr_t)__queue); } static __inline__ pid_t tcgetsid(int fd) { pid_t _pid; return ioctl(fd, TIOCGSID, &_pid) ? (pid_t)-1 : _pid; } static __inline__ int tcsendbreak(int fd, int __duration) { return ioctl(fd, TCSBRKP, (void *)(uintptr_t)__duration); } static __inline__ speed_t cfgetospeed(const struct termios *s) { return (speed_t)(s->c_cflag & CBAUD); } static __inline__ int cfsetospeed(struct termios *s, speed_t speed) { s->c_cflag = (s->c_cflag & ~CBAUD) | (speed & CBAUD); return 0; } static __inline__ speed_t cfgetispeed(const struct termios *s) { return (speed_t)(s->c_cflag & CBAUD); } static __inline__ int cfsetispeed(struct termios *s, speed_t speed) { s->c_cflag = (s->c_cflag & ~CBAUD) | (speed & CBAUD); return 0; } static __inline__ void cfmakeraw(struct termios *s) { s->c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP|INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON); s->c_oflag &= ~OPOST; s->c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|ISIG|IEXTEN); s->c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB); s->c_cflag |= CS8; } __END_DECLS #endif /* _TERMIOS_H_ */
首先,在项目(app)的build.gradel中的defaultConfig下添加:
externalNativeBuild { cmake { cppFlags "" // abiFilters "armeabi-v7a", "x86", "arm64-v8a" } }
然后再在项目(app)的build.gradel 的 android 闭包下添加:
externalNativeBuild { cmake { path "CMakeLists.txt" } }
在app下创建一个CMakeLists.txt
# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the # documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html # Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library. cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1) # Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC # or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code. # You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you. # Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK. #设置生成的so动态库最后输出的路径 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../jniLibs/${ANDROID_ABI}) add_library( # Sets the name of the library. #此处填入library名称,就是生成so文件的名称 serial_port # Sets the library as a shared library. SHARED # Provides a relative path to your source file(s). c文件或cpp文件的相对路径 src/main/jni/SerialPort.c ) # Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a # variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by # default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library # you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before # completing its build. find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable. log-lib # Specifies the name of the NDK library that # you want CMake to locate. log) # Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You # can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this # build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries. target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library. #此处填入library名称,就是生成so文件的名称 serial_port # Links the target library to the log library # included in the NDK. ${log-lib})
你现在就可以Make Project 或者 Rebuild Project 一下 ,之后会在这里会生成so库:
把生成的so文件复制到libs下或者jniLibs下
这时so文件我们生成了就需要把build的注释掉不然下次运行还会生成
externalNativeBuild { cmake { cppFlags "" // abiFilters "armeabi-v7a", "x86", "arm64-v8a" } } externalNativeBuild { cmake { path "CMakeLists.txt" } }
然后我们封装一个SerialPortUtils
import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Toast; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; /** * @author renquan */ public class SerialPortUtils { private static SerialPortUtils serialPortUtils; private final String TAG = "SerialPortUtils"; // private String path = "/dev/ttyS1"; // private int baudrate = 9600; public boolean serialPortStatus = false; //是否打开串口标志 public String data_; public boolean threadStatus; //线程状态,为了安全终止线程 public SerialPort serialPort = null; public InputStream inputStream = null; public OutputStream outputStream = null; public ChangeTool changeTool = new ChangeTool(); public static SerialPortUtils getInstance() { if (null == serialPortUtils){ serialPortUtils = new SerialPortUtils(); } return serialPortUtils; } /** * 获取状态 * @return */ public boolean getPortStatus(){ return serialPortStatus; } /** * 打开串口 * @return serialPort串口对象 */ public SerialPort openSerialPort(String path, int baudrate){ if (getPortStatus()){ return serialPort; } try { serialPort = new SerialPort(new File(path),baudrate,0); this.serialPortStatus = true; threadStatus = false; //线程状态 //获取打开的串口中的输入输出流,以便于串口数据的收发 inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream(); outputStream = serialPort.getOutputStream(); new ReadThread().start(); //开始线程监控是否有数据要接收 } catch (IOException e) { Log.d(TAG,"打开串口异常"); Toast.makeText(MyApp.context, "打开串口异常", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); isException = true; return serialPort; } Log.d(TAG, "openSerialPort: 打开串口"); Toast.makeText(MyApp.context, "打开串口", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return serialPort; } /** * 关闭串口 */ public void closeSerialPort(){ if (!getPortStatus()){ return; } if (null == inputStream || null == outputStream){ Log.e(TAG, "closeSerialPort: 关闭串口异常:"+"null"); Toast.makeText(MyApp.context, "关闭串口异常", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); isException = true; return; } try { inputStream.close(); outputStream.close(); this.serialPortStatus = false; this.threadStatus = true; //线程状态 serialPort.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "closeSerialPort: 关闭串口异常:"+e.toString()); Toast.makeText(MyApp.context, "关闭串口异常", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); isException = true; return; } Log.d(TAG, "closeSerialPort: 关闭串口成功"); Toast.makeText(MyApp.context, "关闭串口", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } /** * 发送串口指令(字符串) * @param data String数据指令 */ public void sendSerialPort(String data){ Log.d(TAG, "sendSerialPort: 发送数据"+data); if (null == outputStream){ Log.e(TAG, "sendSerialPort: 串口数据发送失败:"+"null"); Toast.makeText(MyApp.context, "串口数据发送失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } try { byte[] sendData = data.getBytes(); //string转byte[] this.data_ = new String(sendData); //byte[]转string if (sendData.length > 0) { outputStream.write(sendData); // outputStream.write('\n'); // outputStream.write('\r'+'\n'); outputStream.write('\r'); outputStream.flush(); Log.d(TAG, "sendSerialPort: 串口数据发送成功"); } } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "sendSerialPort: 串口数据发送失败:"+e.toString()); Toast.makeText(MyApp.context, "串口数据发送失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } /** * 单开一线程,来读数据 */ private class ReadThread extends Thread { @Override public void run() { super.run(); //判断进程是否在运行,更安全的结束进程 while (!threadStatus){ Log.d(TAG, "进入线程run"); //64 1024 byte[] buffer = new byte[64]; int size; //读取数据的大小 try { size = inputStream.read(buffer); if (size > 0){ Log.d(TAG, "run: 接收到了数据:" + changeTool.ByteArrToHex(buffer)); Log.d(TAG, "run: 接收到了数据大小:" + String.valueOf(size)); // onDataReceiveListener.onDataReceive(buffer,size); } } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "run: 数据读取异常:" +e.toString()); } } } } //数据回调 public OnDataReceiveListener onDataReceiveListener = null; public static interface OnDataReceiveListener { public void onDataReceive(byte[] buffer, int size); } public void setOnDataReceiveListener(OnDataReceiveListener dataReceiveListener) { onDataReceiveListener = dataReceiveListener; } }
这说明我们生成的so文件有问题 那么就从头执行一次
或者说我们并没有实现so的open方法这时需要看SerialPort.java
或者打个log看看so文件内的SerialPort和我们创建的SerialPort包名是否一致
如果我们走到了这里抛出异常
说明我们的Android机器并没有root无法访问权限这时我们需要找到厂商改下系统
或者系统给了权限但是我们并没有添加
<!--往sdcard中写入数据的权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission> <!--在sdcard中创建/删除文件的权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"></uses-permission>
由于设备不同文件路径有不同
这里默认的是/system/bin/su
有的机型路径是/system/xbin/su
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