WPF自定义控件如何实现

今天小编给大家分享一下WPF自定义控件如何实现的相关知识点，内容详细，逻辑清晰，相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识，所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获，下面我们一起来了解一下吧。

方式一：基于现有控件进行扩展，如基于button进行扩展，UI可直接用xmal进行编辑设计，逻辑用xaml.cs进行编辑

方法二：直接创建wpf自定义控件

本文用方法二开展自定义控件！！！

1.自定义控件的内容在代码cs文件中，自定义控件继承自Control，ui界面可在Genric.xaml中定义。

2.在Generic.xaml中定义控件界面

  <Style  TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
                    <Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                            BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                            BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">                       
                            <Grid>
                                <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                    <ColumnDefinition Width="0.1*" MaxWidth="5"/>
                                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                                </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                //自定义控件中的组成 ，需要定义x:name,后台代码需要用到，button中的DevName是后台cs中定义的依赖属性
                                <Rectangle Margin="1" x:Name="statusLed"/>
                                <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="devBtn" Content="{TemplateBinding DevName}"/>
                            </Grid>
                        
                    </Border>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

 上述界面中定义了两个控件，组成本自定义控件的外观显示。一个rectangle，用颜色对状态进行显示，一个button，是本自定义控件的主要内容，需要显示设备名称，Click事件/Command需要触发任务。

3.后台处理

3.1  定义自定义属性DevName

        public string DevName
        {
            get { return (string)GetValue(DevNameProperty); }
            set { SetValue(DevNameProperty, value); }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty DevNameProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("DevName", typeof(string), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata("", new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevNameChanged)));
        private static void OnDevNameChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            DevButton ctrl =sender as DevButton;
            ctrl.DevName = e.NewValue.ToString();           
        }

3.2  定义与前端界面UI元素对应的信息

        private Rectangle statusLed;
        private Button devBtn;
        public override void OnApplyTemplate()
        {
            //备用方法 Template.FindName(DownButtonKey, this) as Button;
            statusLed = GetTemplateChild("statusLed") as Rectangle;
            devBtn = GetTemplateChild("devBtn") as Button;
            devBtn.Click += DevBtn_Click;
            base.OnApplyTemplate();                  
        }

依据控件名称查找模板中的控件，并注册button的click事件

3.3  定义事件

       private void DevBtn_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(DevName);
        }

自定义控件主要就是上述几步。总体代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
 
namespace WpfApp2
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Author:yut 2022-12-21
    /// Function:自定义控件，用于设备的启停控制，同时显示设备的运行状态
    /// <summary>
    public class DevButton : Control
    {        
     
        public DevButton()
        {
            SetCurrentValue(WidthProperty, 100d);
            SetCurrentValue(HeightProperty, 25d);
            SetCurrentValue(BackgroundProperty, Brushes.Yellow);            
        }
        static DevButton()
        {
            DefaultStyleKeyProperty.OverrideMetadata(typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(typeof(DevButton)));
        } 
        private Rectangle statusLed;
        private Button devBtn;
        public override void OnApplyTemplate()
        {            
            statusLed = GetTemplateChild("statusLed") as Rectangle;
            devBtn = GetTemplateChild("devBtn") as Button;
            devBtn.Click += DevBtn_Click;
            base.OnApplyTemplate();                  
        }
 
        #region 自定义属性
        public int DevId
        {
            get { return (int)GetValue(DevIdProperty); }
            set { SetValue(DevIdProperty, value); }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty DevIdProperty =
          DependencyProperty.Register("DevId", typeof(int), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(-1,new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevIdChanged)));
        private static void OnDevIdChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            DevButton ctrl = (DevButton)sender;
            ctrl.DevId = (int)e.NewValue;
        }
 
        public string DevName
        {
            get { return (string)GetValue(DevNameProperty); }
            set { SetValue(DevNameProperty, value); }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty DevNameProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("DevName", typeof(string), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata("", new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevNameChanged)));
        private static void OnDevNameChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            DevButton ctrl =sender as DevButton;
            ctrl.DevName = e.NewValue.ToString();           
        }
 
        public int DevStatus
        {
            get { return (int)GetValue(DevStatusProperty); }
            set
            {
                SetValue(DevStatusProperty, value);              
            }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty DevStatusProperty =
          DependencyProperty.Register("DevStatus", typeof(int), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(-1,new PropertyChangedCallback(OnDevStatusChanged)));
        private static void OnDevStatusChanged(DependencyObject sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            DevButton ctrl = (DevButton)sender;
            ctrl.DevStatus = (int)e.NewValue; 
            ctrl.StatusBrush=(ctrl.DevStatus>0)?Brushes.Green:Brushes.LightGray;
        }
 
        public Brush StatusBrush
        {
            get { return (Brush)GetValue(StatusBrushProperty); }
            set
            {
                SetValue(StatusBrushProperty, value);
            }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty StatusBrushProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("StatusBrush", typeof(Brush), typeof(DevButton), new FrameworkPropertyMetadata(Brushes.LightGray));
 
        #endregion
 
 
        private void DevBtn_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(DevName);          
         
        }
 
    }
}

<ResourceDictionary
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:ctrl="clr-namespace:WpfApp2">
 
 
 
    <Style  TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ctrl:DevButton}">
                    <Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                            BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                            BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
                       
                            <Grid>
                                <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                    <ColumnDefinition Width="0.1*" MaxWidth="5"/>
                                    <ColumnDefinition/>
                                </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <!--Fill="{TemplateBinding DevStatus, Converter={StaticResource IntToBrushes}}"-->
                            <Rectangle Margin="1" x:Name="statusLed" Fill="{TemplateBinding StatusBrush}"/>
                                <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="devBtn" Content="{TemplateBinding DevName}"/>
                            </Grid>
                        
                    </Border>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>
</ResourceDictionary>

<Window x:Class="WpfApp2.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp2"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Grid>
        <StackPanel>
            <TextBlock Text="******************"/>
            <local:DevButton DevName="电机" DevStatus="2"/>
            <TextBlock Text="******************"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

运行效果如下：

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