PyTorch分布式数据并行(Distributed Data Parallel,简称DDP)是一种利用多台机器上的GPU资源来加速深度学习模型训练的方法。DDP通过将模型和数据复制到每个机器上,并在每个机器上进行独立的梯度计算和参数更新,从而实现了模型的并行计算。
以下是使用PyTorch DDP的基本步骤:
import torch
import torch.distributed as dist
import torch.multiprocessing as mp
from torch.nn.parallel import DistributedDataParallel as DDP
def setup(rank, world_size):
dist.init_process_group("nccl", rank=rank, world_size=world_size)
def cleanup():
dist.destroy_process_group()
class MyModel(torch.nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(MyModel, self).__init__()
# 定义模型层
def forward(self, x):
# 定义前向传播过程
return x
model = MyModel()
model = model.to(rank)
ddp_model = DDP(model, device_ids=[rank])
# 假设我们有一个数据集类 MyDataset
train_dataset = MyDataset()
train_sampler = torch.utils.data.distributed.DistributedSampler(train_dataset, num_replicas=world_size, rank=rank)
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, sampler=train_sampler)
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(ddp_model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
train_sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
for data, target in train_loader:
data, target = data.to(rank), target.to(rank)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = ddp_model(data)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
cleanup()
world_size = 4 # 假设有4台机器
mp.spawn(train, args=(world_size,), nprocs=world_size, join=True)
这样,你就可以使用PyTorch DDP在多台机器上并行训练你的深度学习模型了。注意,这里的代码仅作为示例,你需要根据自己的需求进行调整。