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ElasticSearch中如何使用多种搜索方式检索数据

发布时间：2021-10-21 09:43:29 作者：柒染
来源：亿速云 阅读：96

这篇文章给大家介绍ElasticSearch中如何使用多种搜索方式检索数据，内容非常详细，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考借鉴，希望对大家能有所帮助。

1、query string search查询

（1）、全量查询
GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search

结果：

{
	"took": 38,
	"timed_out": false,
	"_shards": {
		"total": 5,
		"successful": 5,
		"skipped": 0,
		"failed": 0
	},
	"hits": {
		"total": 3,
		"max_score": 1.0,
		"hits": [
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "2",
				"_score": 1.0,
				"_source": {
					"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
					"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
					"price": 25,
					"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
					"tags": [
						"fangzhu"
					]
				}
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "1",
				"_score": 1.0,
				"_source": {
					"name": "gaolujie yagao",
					"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
					"price": 30,
					"producer": "gaolujie producer",
					"tags": [
						"meibai",
						"fangzhu"
					]
				}
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "3",
				"_score": 1.0,
				"_source": {
					"name": "zhonghua yagao",
					"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
					"price": 40,
					"producer": "zhonghua producer",
					"tags": [
						"qingxin"
					]
				}
			}
		]
	}
}

解释：

    took 标识检索花费的时间，单位毫秒 
    time_out 是否超时 
    _shards 数据拆分成了5个分片，所以对于搜索请求，会打到所有的primary shard(或者是它的某个replica shard也可以)
    total 检索5个分片 
    successful 成功5个 
    hits.total 检索到数据的总记录数 
    hits.max_score 相似度分数 最高为1 
    hits.hits 数据集合 
    hits.hits._index 索引名称 
    hits.hits._type 类型 
    hits.hits._score 数据评分 
    hits.hits._source 数据项内容
（2）、根据商品名称检索，按价格倒叙排列
GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc

结果：

{
	"took": 71,
	"timed_out": false,
	"_shards": {
		"total": 5,
		"successful": 5,
		"skipped": 0,
		"failed": 0
	},
	"hits": {
		"total": 3,
		"max_score": null,
		"hits": [
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "3",
				"_score": null,
				"_source": {
					"name": "zhonghua yagao",
					"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
					"price": 40,
					"producer": "zhonghua producer",
					"tags": [
						"qingxin"
					]
				},
				"sort": [
					40
				]
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "1",
				"_score": null,
				"_source": {
					"name": "gaolujie yagao",
					"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
					"price": 30,
					"producer": "gaolujie producer",
					"tags": [
						"meibai",
						"fangzhu"
					]
				},
				"sort": [
					30
				]
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "2",
				"_score": null,
				"_source": {
					"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
					"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
					"price": 25,
					"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
					"tags": [
						"fangzhu"
					]
				},
				"sort": [
					25
				]
			}
		]
	}
}

2、query DSL查询

    DSL：Domain Specified Language.特定领域的语言

    http request body :请求体，可以用json的格式来构建查询语法，比较方便，可以构建各种复杂的语法，比query string search肯定强大多了。

（1）、全量查询
GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search

{
	"query":{
		"match_all":{}
	}
}

结果：

{
	"took": 23,
	"timed_out": false,
	"_shards": {
		"total": 5,
		"successful": 5,
		"skipped": 0,
		"failed": 0
	},
	"hits": {
		"total": 3,
		"max_score": 1.0,
		"hits": [
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "2",
				"_score": 1.0,
				"_source": {
					"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
					"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
					"price": 25,
					"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
					"tags": [
						"fangzhu"
					]
				}
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "1",
				"_score": 1.0,
				"_source": {
					"name": "gaolujie yagao",
					"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
					"price": 30,
					"producer": "gaolujie producer",
					"tags": [
						"meibai",
						"fangzhu"
					]
				}
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "3",
				"_score": 1.0,
				"_source": {
					"name": "zhonghua yagao",
					"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
					"price": 40,
					"producer": "zhonghua producer",
					"tags": [
						"qingxin"
					]
				}
			}
		]
	}
}
  (2)  、全量查询返回指定属性值
GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match_all":{}
	},
	"_source":["name","price"]
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 57,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "price": 25,
                    "name": "jiajieshi yagao"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "price": 30,
                    "name": "gaolujie yagao"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "price": 40,
                    "name": "zhonghua yagao"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
（3）、按商品名称搜索并按价格倒叙排列
GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"name":"yagao"
		}
	},
	"sort":{
		"price":"desc"
	}
}

结果：

{
	"took": 384,
	"timed_out": false,
	"_shards": {
		"total": 5,
		"successful": 5,
		"skipped": 0,
		"failed": 0
	},
	"hits": {
		"total": 3,
		"max_score": null,
		"hits": [
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "3",
				"_score": null,
				"_source": {
					"name": "zhonghua yagao",
					"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
					"price": 40,
					"producer": "zhonghua producer",
					"tags": [
						"qingxin"
					]
				},
				"sort": [
					40
				]
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "1",
				"_score": null,
				"_source": {
					"name": "gaolujie yagao",
					"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
					"price": 30,
					"producer": "gaolujie producer",
					"tags": [
						"meibai",
						"fangzhu"
					]
				},
				"sort": [
					30
				]
			},
			{
				"_index": "ecommerce",
				"_type": "produce",
				"_id": "2",
				"_score": null,
				"_source": {
					"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
					"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
					"price": 25,
					"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
					"tags": [
						"fangzhu"
					]
				},
				"sort": [
					25
				]
			}
		]
	}
}

3、query filter查询

搜索商品名称包含yagao,而且售价大于30元的商品

GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search
{
	"query":{
		"bool":{
			"must":{
				"match":{
					"name":"yagao"
				}
			},
			"filter":{
				"range":{
					"price":{
						"gt":"30"
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 88,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.25811607,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.25811607,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "zhonghua yagao",
                    "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
                    "price": 40,
                    "producer": "zhonghua producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "qingxin"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

4、full-text search查询

    准备数据：

PUT http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/4
{
	"name":"special yagao",
	"desc":"special meibai",
	"price":"50",
	"producer":"special yagao producer",
	"tags":["meibai"]
}
http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"producer":"yagao producer"
		}
	}
}

检索时候会把"yagao producer" 分割成"yagao" 和"producer" 只要匹配上任何一个就是符合的数据

结果

{
    "took": 20,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 4,
        "max_score": 0.70293105,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 0.70293105,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "special yagao",
                    "desc": "special meibai",
                    "price": "50",
                    "producer": "special yagao producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "meibai"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.25811607,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "gaolujie yagao",
                    "desc": "gaolujie meibai",
                    "price": 30,
                    "producer": "gaolujie producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "meibai",
                        "fangzhu"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.25811607,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "zhonghua yagao",
                    "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
                    "price": 40,
                    "producer": "zhonghua producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "qingxin"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.1805489,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
                    "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
                    "price": 25,
                    "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "fangzhu"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

最匹配的相关度评分高，会排在最前面。

5、phrase search查询

对要搜索的词不再分词

GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match_phrase":{
			"producer":"yagao producer"
		}
	}
}

结果：

{
    "took": 33,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.70293105,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 0.70293105,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "special yagao",
                    "desc": "special meibai",
                    "price": "50",
                    "producer": "special yagao producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "meibai"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

6、highlight search查询

GET http://{{es-host}}/ecommerce/produce/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"name":"yagao"
		}
	},
	"highlight":{
		"fields":{
			"name":{}
		}
	}
}

结果：

{
    "took": 16,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 4,
        "max_score": 0.25811607,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.25811607,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "gaolujie yagao",
                    "desc": "gaolujie meibai",
                    "price": 30,
                    "producer": "gaolujie producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "meibai",
                        "fangzhu"
                    ]
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "name": [
                        "gaolujie <em>yagao</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 0.25811607,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "zhonghua yagao",
                    "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
                    "price": 40,
                    "producer": "zhonghua producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "qingxin"
                    ]
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "name": [
                        "zhonghua <em>yagao</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.16358379,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
                    "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
                    "price": 25,
                    "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "fangzhu"
                    ]
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "name": [
                        "jiajieshi <em>yagao</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "ecommerce",
                "_type": "produce",
                "_id": "4",
                "_score": 0.16358379,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "special yagao",
                    "desc": "special meibai",
                    "price": "50",
                    "producer": "special yagao producer",
                    "tags": [
                        "meibai"
                    ]
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "name": [
                        "special <em>yagao</em>"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

关于ElasticSearch中如何使用多种搜索方式检索数据就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，可以学到更多知识。如果觉得文章不错，可以把它分享出去让更多的人看到。

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