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# Python单机五子棋的代码怎么写
本文将详细介绍如何使用Python开发一个单机版五子棋游戏,包含完整代码实现和分步解析。这个项目适合Python初学者学习基础语法和游戏开发逻辑。
## 一、项目概述
五子棋是一种经典的策略型棋类游戏,玩家通过在棋盘上交替落子,先形成五子连线的一方获胜。我们将使用Python的Pygame库来实现图形界面,并采用简单的算法实现人机对战。
### 主要功能模块
1. 图形界面绘制
2. 玩家落子处理
3. 简单实现
4. 胜负判断
5. 游戏状态管理
## 二、开发环境准备
首先需要安装必要的库:
```bash
pip install pygame numpy
以下是完整的五子棋游戏代码(约200行):
import pygame
import sys
import numpy as np
from pygame.locals import *
# 初始化常量
BOARD_SIZE = 15 # 15x15的棋盘
GRID_SIZE = 40 # 每个格子的像素大小
MARGIN = 40 # 棋盘边距
PIECE_RADIUS = 18 # 棋子半径
WINDOW_SIZE = BOARD_SIZE * GRID_SIZE + 2 * MARGIN
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BOARD_COLOR = (220, 179, 92)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
# 初始化游戏
def init_game():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_SIZE, WINDOW_SIZE))
pygame.display.set_caption('五子棋')
return screen
# 绘制棋盘
def draw_board(screen):
screen.fill(BOARD_COLOR)
# 绘制网格线
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
# 横线
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
(WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE), 2)
# 竖线
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN),
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN), 2)
# 绘制五个小黑点(天元等)
dots = [(3, 3), (11, 3), (3, 11), (11, 11), (7, 7)]
for dot in dots:
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + dot[0] * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + dot[1] * GRID_SIZE), 5)
# 游戏主类
class GomokuGame:
def __init__(self):
self.board = np.zeros((BOARD_SIZE, BOARD_SIZE), dtype=int) # 0空 1黑 2白
self.current_player = 1 # 黑棋先行
self.game_over = False
self.winner = None
# 落子
def place_piece(self, row, col):
if self.game_over or self.board[row][col] != 0:
return False
self.board[row][col] = self.current_player
if self.check_win(row, col):
self.game_over = True
self.winner = self.current_player
else:
self.current_player = 3 - self.current_player # 切换玩家
return True
# 检查是否获胜
def check_win(self, row, col):
directions = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 横竖斜四个方向
for dr, dc in directions:
count = 1 # 当前落子
# 正向检查
r, c = row + dr, col + dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r += dr
c += dc
# 反向检查
r, c = row - dr, col - dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r -= dr
c -= dc
if count >= 5:
return True
return False
# 简单落子
def ai_move(self):
if self.game_over:
return
# 优先防守:检查玩家是否有四连
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if self.board[i][j] == 0:
self.board[i][j] = 1 # 假设玩家落子
if self.check_win(i, j):
self.board[i][j] = 2 # 拦截
if self.check_win(i, j):
self.game_over = True
self.winner = 2
self.current_player = 1
return (i, j)
self.board[i][j] = 0
# 随机落子
empty_positions = [(i, j) for i in range(BOARD_SIZE) for j in range(BOARD_SIZE) if self.board[i][j] == 0]
if empty_positions:
return empty_positions[np.random.randint(len(empty_positions))]
return None
# 绘制棋子
def draw_pieces(screen, game):
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if game.board[i][j] == 1: # 黑棋
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS)
elif game.board[i][j] == 2: # 白棋
pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS)
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS, 1)
# 显示游戏结果
def show_result(screen, winner):
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 72)
if winner == 1:
text = font.render("黑棋获胜!", True, RED)
else:
text = font.render("白棋获胜!", True, BLUE)
text_rect = text.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_SIZE//2, WINDOW_SIZE//2))
screen.blit(text, text_rect)
# 主函数
def main():
screen = init_game()
game = GomokuGame()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and not game.game_over:
if game.current_player == 1: # 玩家回合
x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
col = round((x - MARGIN) / GRID_SIZE)
row = round((y - MARGIN) / GRID_SIZE)
if 0 <= row < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= col < BOARD_SIZE:
if game.place_piece(row, col):
# 回合
ai_pos = game.ai_move()
if ai_pos:
game.place_piece(*ai_pos)
draw_board(screen)
draw_pieces(screen, game)
if game.game_over:
show_result(screen, game.winner)
pygame.display.update()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
BOARD_SIZE = 15 # 标准五子棋棋盘大小
GRID_SIZE = 40 # 每个格子的像素尺寸
MARGIN = 40 # 棋盘边缘留白
这些常量定义了棋盘的基本参数,可以根据需要调整。标准五子棋使用15×15的棋盘,我们设置每个格子40像素宽,边缘留白40像素。
GomokuGame
类负责维护游戏状态:
board
: 15×15的二维数组,记录每个位置的棋子状态current_player
: 当前回合玩家(1为黑棋,2为白棋)game_over
: 游戏是否结束标志winner
: 获胜方check_win
方法实现了五子棋的核心胜负判断逻辑:
def check_win(self, row, col):
directions = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 横竖斜四个方向
for dr, dc in directions:
count = 1 # 当前落子
# 正向检查
r, c = row + dr, col + dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r += dr
c += dc
# 反向检查
r, c = row - dr, col - dc
while 0 <= r < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= c < BOARD_SIZE and self.board[r][c] == self.current_player:
count += 1
r -= dr
c -= dc
if count >= 5:
return True
return False
该方法从当前落子位置向四个方向(水平、垂直、两个对角线)检查是否有五个或更多同色棋子连续排列。
我们的实现了基本防守逻辑:
def ai_move(self):
# 优先拦截玩家即将获胜的位置
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if self.board[i][j] == 0:
self.board[i][j] = 1 # 假设玩家落子
if self.check_win(i, j):
self.board[i][j] = 2 # 拦截
return (i, j)
self.board[i][j] = 0
# 没有危险则随机落子
empty_positions = [(i, j) for i in range(BOARD_SIZE) for j in range(BOARD_SIZE) if self.board[i][j] == 0]
if empty_positions:
return empty_positions[np.random.randint(len(empty_positions))]
这个会: 1. 首先检查玩家是否有四连需要拦截 2. 如果没有威胁,则随机选择空位落子
使用Pygame绘制棋盘和棋子:
def draw_board(screen):
# 绘制棋盘网格
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
(WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE), 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN),
(MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE, WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN), 2)
def draw_pieces(screen, game):
for i in range(BOARD_SIZE):
for j in range(BOARD_SIZE):
if game.board[i][j] == 1: # 黑棋
pygame.draw.circle(screen, BLACK,
(MARGIN + j * GRID_SIZE, MARGIN + i * GRID_SIZE),
PIECE_RADIUS)
这个基础版本可以进一步扩展:
通过这个约200行的Python项目,我们实现了一个完整的单机五子棋游戏,包含: - 图形界面显示 - 玩家交互 - 简单对手 - 胜负判断
这个项目涵盖了Python基础语法、面向对象编程、二维数组处理和基本游戏开发逻辑,是学习Python编程的绝佳实践项目。读者可以基于这个基础版本继续扩展更复杂的功能。
希望本文对你学习Python游戏开发有所帮助!完整代码已在上文提供,可以直接运行体验。 “`
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