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怎么用Java代码实现图书管理系统

发布时间：2022-08-30 09:55:58 作者：iii
来源：亿速云 阅读：140

怎么用Java代码实现图书管理系统

目录

  1. 引言
  2. 需求分析
  3. 系统设计
  4. 环境搭建
  5. 代码实现
  6. 测试与调试
  7. 部署与维护
  8. 总结

引言

图书管理系统是图书馆或书店等机构用于管理图书、读者、借阅记录等信息的软件系统。通过Java编程语言实现一个图书管理系统，可以帮助我们更好地理解面向对象编程、数据库操作、用户界面设计等知识。本文将详细介绍如何使用Java代码实现一个简单的图书管理系统。

需求分析

在开始编写代码之前，我们需要明确系统的功能需求。一个基本的图书管理系统通常包括以下功能：

  1. 图书管理：添加、删除、修改、查询图书信息。
  2. 读者管理：添加、删除、修改、查询读者信息。
  3. 借阅管理：记录图书的借阅和归还信息。
  4. 用户权限管理：不同用户（如管理员、普通用户）具有不同的操作权限。
  5. 数据统计：统计图书借阅情况、读者借阅记录等。

系统设计

3.1 系统架构

图书管理系统采用典型的三层架构：

  1. 表现层（UI）：负责与用户交互，展示数据和接收用户输入。
  2. 业务逻辑层（Service）：处理业务逻辑，如借书、还书等操作。
  3. 数据访问层（DAO）：负责与数据库交互，执行增删改查操作。

3.2 数据库设计

系统使用MySQL数据库存储数据。数据库设计如下：

3.3 类设计

根据系统需求，设计以下Java类：

环境搭建

4.1 开发工具

4.2 依赖管理

在pom.xml中添加以下依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- MySQL驱动 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.26</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- JUnit测试框架 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

代码实现

5.1 实体类

Book.java

public class Book {
    private int id;
    private String title;
    private String author;
    private String publisher;
    private String isbn;
    private int quantity;

    // 构造方法、getter和setter省略
}

Reader.java

public class Reader {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String phone;
    private String email;

    // 构造方法、getter和setter省略
}

BorrowRecord.java

public class BorrowRecord {
    private int id;
    private int bookId;
    private int readerId;
    private Date borrowDate;
    private Date returnDate;

    // 构造方法、getter和setter省略
}

5.2 数据库连接

DBUtil.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class DBUtil {
    private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/library";
    private static final String USER = "root";
    private static final String PASSWORD = "password";

    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
    }
}

5.3 数据访问层

BookDAO.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class BookDAO {
    public void addBook(Book book) throws SQLException {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO Book (title, author, publisher, isbn, quantity) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
        try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            pstmt.setString(1, book.getTitle());
            pstmt.setString(2, book.getAuthor());
            pstmt.setString(3, book.getPublisher());
            pstmt.setString(4, book.getIsbn());
            pstmt.setInt(5, book.getQuantity());
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
        }
    }

    public List<Book> getAllBooks() throws SQLException {
        List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM Book";
        try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
             ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery()) {
            while (rs.next()) {
                Book book = new Book();
                book.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                book.setTitle(rs.getString("title"));
                book.setAuthor(rs.getString("author"));
                book.setPublisher(rs.getString("publisher"));
                book.setIsbn(rs.getString("isbn"));
                book.setQuantity(rs.getInt("quantity"));
                books.add(book);
            }
        }
        return books;
    }

    // 其他方法省略
}

ReaderDAO.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ReaderDAO {
    public void addReader(Reader reader) throws SQLException {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO Reader (name, phone, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
        try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            pstmt.setString(1, reader.getName());
            pstmt.setString(2, reader.getPhone());
            pstmt.setString(3, reader.getEmail());
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
        }
    }

    public List<Reader> getAllReaders() throws SQLException {
        List<Reader> readers = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM Reader";
        try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
             ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery()) {
            while (rs.next()) {
                Reader reader = new Reader();
                reader.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                reader.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                reader.setPhone(rs.getString("phone"));
                reader.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                readers.add(reader);
            }
        }
        return readers;
    }

    // 其他方法省略
}

BorrowRecordDAO.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class BorrowRecordDAO {
    public void addBorrowRecord(BorrowRecord record) throws SQLException {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO BorrowRecord (book_id, reader_id, borrow_date, return_date) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)";
        try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            pstmt.setInt(1, record.getBookId());
            pstmt.setInt(2, record.getReaderId());
            pstmt.setDate(3, new java.sql.Date(record.getBorrowDate().getTime()));
            pstmt.setDate(4, new java.sql.Date(record.getReturnDate().getTime()));
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
        }
    }

    public List<BorrowRecord> getAllBorrowRecords() throws SQLException {
        List<BorrowRecord> records = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM BorrowRecord";
        try (Connection conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
             ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery()) {
            while (rs.next()) {
                BorrowRecord record = new BorrowRecord();
                record.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                record.setBookId(rs.getInt("book_id"));
                record.setReaderId(rs.getInt("reader_id"));
                record.setBorrowDate(rs.getDate("borrow_date"));
                record.setReturnDate(rs.getDate("return_date"));
                records.add(record);
            }
        }
        return records;
    }

    // 其他方法省略
}

5.4 业务逻辑层

BookService.java

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

public class BookService {
    private BookDAO bookDAO = new BookDAO();

    public void addBook(Book book) throws SQLException {
        bookDAO.addBook(book);
    }

    public List<Book> getAllBooks() throws SQLException {
        return bookDAO.getAllBooks();
    }

    // 其他方法省略
}

ReaderService.java

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

public class ReaderService {
    private ReaderDAO readerDAO = new ReaderDAO();

    public void addReader(Reader reader) throws SQLException {
        readerDAO.addReader(reader);
    }

    public List<Reader> getAllReaders() throws SQLException {
        return readerDAO.getAllReaders();
    }

    // 其他方法省略
}

BorrowRecordService.java

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

public class BorrowRecordService {
    private BorrowRecordDAO borrowRecordDAO = new BorrowRecordDAO();

    public void addBorrowRecord(BorrowRecord record) throws SQLException {
        borrowRecordDAO.addBorrowRecord(record);
    }

    public List<BorrowRecord> getAllBorrowRecords() throws SQLException {
        return borrowRecordDAO.getAllBorrowRecords();
    }

    // 其他方法省略
}

5.5 用户界面

MainUI.java

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class MainUI {
    private BookService bookService = new BookService();
    private ReaderService readerService = new ReaderService();
    private BorrowRecordService borrowRecordService = new BorrowRecordService();
    private Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

    public void showMenu() {
        System.out.println("1. 添加图书");
        System.out.println("2. 查看所有图书");
        System.out.println("3. 添加读者");
        System.out.println("4. 查看所有读者");
        System.out.println("5. 借阅图书");
        System.out.println("6. 查看所有借阅记录");
        System.out.println("0. 退出");
    }

    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            showMenu();
            System.out.print("请选择操作：");
            int choice = scanner.nextInt();
            scanner.nextLine(); // 清除缓冲区

            try {
                switch (choice) {
                    case 1:
                        addBook();
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        showAllBooks();
                        break;
                    case 3:
                        addReader();
                        break;
                    case 4:
                        showAllReaders();
                        break;
                    case 5:
                        borrowBook();
                        break;
                    case 6:
                        showAllBorrowRecords();
                        break;
                    case 0:
                        System.out.println("退出系统");
                        return;
                    default:
                        System.out.println("无效选择，请重新输入");
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void addBook() throws SQLException {
        System.out.print("请输入图书标题：");
        String title = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入作者：");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入出版社：");
        String publisher = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入ISBN号：");
        String isbn = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入库存数量：");
        int quantity = scanner.nextInt();
        scanner.nextLine(); // 清除缓冲区

        Book book = new Book();
        book.setTitle(title);
        book.setAuthor(author);
        book.setPublisher(publisher);
        book.setIsbn(isbn);
        book.setQuantity(quantity);

        bookService.addBook(book);
        System.out.println("图书添加成功");
    }

    private void showAllBooks() throws SQLException {
        List<Book> books = bookService.getAllBooks();
        for (Book book : books) {
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }

    private void addReader() throws SQLException {
        System.out.print("请输入读者姓名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入联系电话：");
        String phone = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.print("请输入电子邮件：");
        String email = scanner.nextLine();

        Reader reader = new Reader();
        reader.setName(name);
        reader.setPhone(phone);
        reader.setEmail(email);

        readerService.addReader(reader);
        System.out.println("读者添加成功");
    }

    private void showAllReaders() throws SQLException {
        List<Reader> readers = readerService.getAllReaders();
        for (Reader reader : readers) {
            System.out.println(reader);
        }
    }

    private void borrowBook() throws SQLException {
        System.out.print("请输入图书ID：");
        int bookId = scanner.nextInt();
        System.out.print("请输入读者ID：");
        int readerId = scanner.nextInt();
        scanner.nextLine(); // 清除缓冲区

        BorrowRecord record = new BorrowRecord();
        record.setBookId(bookId);
        record.setReaderId(readerId);
        record.setBorrowDate(new java.util.Date());
        record.setReturnDate(new java.util.Date()); // 假设归还日期为当前日期

        borrowRecordService.addBorrowRecord(record);
        System.out.println("借阅记录添加成功");
    }

    private void showAllBorrowRecords() throws SQLException {
        List<BorrowRecord> records = borrowRecordService.getAllBorrowRecords();
        for (BorrowRecord record : records) {
            System.out.println(record);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MainUI ui = new MainUI();
        ui.run();
    }
}

测试与调试

在完成代码编写后，我们需要对系统进行测试，确保各个功能模块能够正常工作。可以使用JUnit编写单元测试，测试各个DAO和Service类的方法。

BookDAOTest.java

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class BookDAOTest {
    private BookDAO bookDAO;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        bookDAO = new BookDAO();
    }

    @Test
    public void testAddBook() throws SQLException {
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setTitle("Java编程思想");
        book.setAuthor("Bruce Eckel");
        book.setPublisher("机械工业出版社");
        book.setIsbn("9787111213826");
        book.setQuantity(10);

        bookDAO.addBook(book);
        assertTrue(true); // 简单断言，确保没有抛出异常
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAllBooks() throws SQLException {
        List<Book> books = bookDAO.getAllBooks();
        assertNotNull(books);
    }
}

ReaderDAOTest.java

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class ReaderDAOTest {
    private ReaderDAO readerDAO;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        readerDAO = new ReaderDAO();
    }

    @Test
    public void testAddReader() throws SQLException {
        Reader reader = new Reader();
        reader.setName("张三");
        reader.setPhone("13800138000");
        reader.setEmail("zhangsan@example.com");

        readerDAO.addReader(reader);
        assertTrue(true); // 简单断言，确保没有抛出异常
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAllReaders() throws SQLException {
        List<Reader> readers = readerDAO.getAllReaders();
        assertNotNull(readers);
    }
}

BorrowRecordDAOTest.java

”`java import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Date; import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class BorrowRecordDAOTest { private BorrowRecordDAO borrowRecordDAO;

@Before
public void setUp() {
    borrowRecordDAO = new BorrowRecordDAO();
}

@Test
public void test
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