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这篇文章主要讲解了“Pytorch中怎么调用forward()函数”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“Pytorch中怎么调用forward()函数”吧!
Module类是nn模块里提供的一个模型构造类,是所有神经网络模块的基类,我们可以继承它来定义我们想要的模型。
下面继承Module类构造本节开头提到的多层感知机。
这里定义的MLP类重载了Module类的__init__函数和forward函数。
它们分别用于创建模型参数和定义前向计算。
前向计算也即正向传播。
import torch from torch import nn class MLP(nn.Module): # 声明带有模型参数的层,这里声明了两个全连接层 def __init__(self, **kwargs): # 调用MLP父类Module的构造函数来进行必要的初始化。这样在构造实例时还可以指定其他函数 # 参数,如“模型参数的访问、初始化和共享”一节将介绍的模型参数params super(MLP, self).__init__(**kwargs) self.hidden = nn.Linear(784, 256) # 隐藏层 self.act = nn.ReLU() self.output = nn.Linear(256, 10) # 输出层 # 定义模型的前向计算,即如何根据输入x计算返回所需要的模型输出 def forward(self, x): a = self.act(self.hidden(x)) return self.output(a) X = torch.rand(2, 784) net = MLP() print(net) net(X)
输出:
MLP( (hidden): Linear(in_features=784, out_features=256, bias=True) (act): ReLU() (output): Linear(in_features=256, out_features=10, bias=True) ) tensor([[-0.1798, -0.2253, 0.0206, -0.1067, -0.0889, 0.1818, -0.1474, 0.1845, -0.1870, 0.1970], [-0.1843, -0.1562, -0.0090, 0.0351, -0.1538, 0.0992, -0.0883, 0.0911, -0.2293, 0.2360]], grad_fn=<ThAddmmBackward>)
为什么会调用forward()呢,是因为Module中定义了__call__()函数,该函数调用了forward()函数,当执行net(x)的时候,会自动调用__call__()函数
最近用到 softmax 函数,但是发现 softmax 的写法五花八门,记录如下
# torch._C._VariableFunctions torch.softmax(x, dim=-1)
# class softmax = torch.nn.Softmax(dim=-1) x=softmax(x)
# function x = torch.nn.functional.softmax(x, dim=-1)
简单测试了一下,用 torch.nn.Softmax 类是最慢的,另外两个差不多
torch.nn.Softmax 源码如下,可以看到这是个类,而他这里的 return F.softmax(input, self.dim, _stacklevel=5) 调用的是 torch.nn.functional.softmax
class Softmax(Module): r"""Applies the Softmax function to an n-dimensional input Tensor rescaling them so that the elements of the n-dimensional output Tensor lie in the range [0,1] and sum to 1. Softmax is defined as: .. math:: \text{Softmax}(x_{i}) = \frac{\exp(x_i)}{\sum_j \exp(x_j)} When the input Tensor is a sparse tensor then the unspecifed values are treated as ``-inf``. Shape: - Input: :math:`(*)` where `*` means, any number of additional dimensions - Output: :math:`(*)`, same shape as the input Returns: a Tensor of the same dimension and shape as the input with values in the range [0, 1] Args: dim (int): A dimension along which Softmax will be computed (so every slice along dim will sum to 1). .. note:: This module doesn't work directly with NLLLoss, which expects the Log to be computed between the Softmax and itself. Use `LogSoftmax` instead (it's faster and has better numerical properties). Examples:: >>> m = nn.Softmax(dim=1) >>> input = torch.randn(2, 3) >>> output = m(input) """ __constants__ = ['dim'] dim: Optional[int] def __init__(self, dim: Optional[int] = None) -> None: super(Softmax, self).__init__() self.dim = dim def __setstate__(self, state): self.__dict__.update(state) if not hasattr(self, 'dim'): self.dim = None def forward(self, input: Tensor) -> Tensor: return F.softmax(input, self.dim, _stacklevel=5) def extra_repr(self) -> str: return 'dim={dim}'.format(dim=self.dim)
torch.nn.functional.softmax 函数源码如下,可以看到 ret = input.softmax(dim) 实际上调用了 torch._C._VariableFunctions 中的 softmax 函数
def softmax(input: Tensor, dim: Optional[int] = None, _stacklevel: int = 3, dtype: Optional[DType] = None) -> Tensor: r"""Applies a softmax function. Softmax is defined as: :math:`\text{Softmax}(x_{i}) = \frac{\exp(x_i)}{\sum_j \exp(x_j)}` It is applied to all slices along dim, and will re-scale them so that the elements lie in the range `[0, 1]` and sum to 1. See :class:`~torch.nn.Softmax` for more details. Args: input (Tensor): input dim (int): A dimension along which softmax will be computed. dtype (:class:`torch.dtype`, optional): the desired data type of returned tensor. If specified, the input tensor is casted to :attr:`dtype` before the operation is performed. This is useful for preventing data type overflows. Default: None. .. note:: This function doesn't work directly with NLLLoss, which expects the Log to be computed between the Softmax and itself. Use log_softmax instead (it's faster and has better numerical properties). """ if has_torch_function_unary(input): return handle_torch_function(softmax, (input,), input, dim=dim, _stacklevel=_stacklevel, dtype=dtype) if dim is None: dim = _get_softmax_dim("softmax", input.dim(), _stacklevel) if dtype is None: ret = input.softmax(dim) else: ret = input.softmax(dim, dtype=dtype) return ret
那么不如直接调用 built-in C 的函数?
但是有个博客 A selective excursion into the internals of PyTorch 里说
Note: That bilinear is exported as torch.bilinear is somewhat accidental. Do use the documented interfaces, here torch.nn.functional.bilinear whenever you can!
意思是说 built-in C 能被 torch.xxx 直接调用是意外的,强烈建议使用 torch.nn.functional.xxx 这样的接口
看到最新的 transformer 官方代码里也用的是 torch.nn.functional.softmax,还是和他们一致更好。
感谢各位的阅读,以上就是“Pytorch中怎么调用forward()函数”的内容了,经过本文的学习后,相信大家对Pytorch中怎么调用forward()函数这一问题有了更深刻的体会,具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是亿速云,小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章,欢迎关注!
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