ubuntu

Ubuntu中C++如何使用网络编程

小樊
34
2025-05-26 17:29:51
栏目: 编程语言

在Ubuntu中使用C++进行网络编程,通常会涉及到套接字(socket)编程。套接字是网络编程的基础,它允许不同计算机上的进程通过网络进行通信。以下是使用C++在Ubuntu中进行基本的网络编程的步骤:

  1. 安装必要的库: 对于TCP/IP网络编程,你需要链接socket库。在大多数Linux系统中,这个库是默认安装的。如果你需要使用其他协议,比如UDP,你可能需要安装额外的库。

  2. 编写代码: 下面是一个简单的TCP服务器和客户端的例子。

    • TCP服务器示例代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    const char* hello = "Hello from server";

    // Creating socket file descriptor
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Forcefully attaching socket to the port 8080
    if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(8080);

    // Forcefully attaching socket to the port 8080
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
        perror("accept");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << buffer << std::endl;
    send(new_socket, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    std::cout << "Hello message sent\n";

    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);

    return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    const char* hello = "Hello from client";
    char buffer[1024] = {0};

    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "
 Socket creation error 
";
        return -1;
    }

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);

    // Convert IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from text to binary form
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        std::cout << "
Invalid address/ Address not supported 
";
        return -1;
    }

    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "
Connection Failed 
";
        return -1;
    }

    send(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    std::cout << "Hello message sent\n";
    read(sock, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << "Server: " << buffer << std::endl;

    close(sock);

    return 0;
}
  1. 编译代码: 使用g++编译器编译上述代码。例如,对于服务器代码:
g++ -o server server.cpp

对于客户端代码:

g++ -o client client.cpp
  1. 运行程序: 首先运行服务器程序,然后运行客户端程序。服务器将监听端口8080,客户端将连接到服务器并发送一条消息。

请注意,这只是一个非常基础的例子。在实际应用中,你需要处理更多的错误情况,并可能需要实现更复杂的协议。此外,对于多客户端连接,你可能需要使用多线程或多路复用技术,如selectpollepoll

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